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Ji Pirt\u00fbka Jina Azad K\u00ea ye \u00fb \u00c7awa Dij\u00ee?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n \n L\u00eagera mirovahiy\u00ea ya ji bo azad\u00ee, heq\u00eeqet \u00fb mirova\/\u00ea azad cewhera t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena sosyal\u00eezm\u00ea j\u00ee \u00eefade dike. Di dir\u00eajaAhiya d\u00eerok\u00ea de t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena sosyal\u00eezm\u00ea ku p\u00ea\u015fketiye bi awayek\u00ea b\u00fbye x\u00eava azadiya mirovahiy\u00ea, ji qonax\u00ean cuda derbas b\u00fbye \u00fb gih\u00ee\u015ftiye asta ku wek zanist\u00ee em bi nav dikin. B\u00eaguman di vir de away\u00ea derketina nakokiyan, n\u00eaz\u00eekatiya ji \u00e7areseriya nakokiy\u00ean bingeh\u00een re \u00fb ji aliy\u00ea p\u00eavajoyan ve \u015f\u00eerovekirina nakokiyan, karakter\u00ea t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena sosyal\u00eezm\u00ea j\u00ee diyar kiriye.<\/p>\n Di sedsala 19’an de bi Marks, Engels \u00fb pa\u015f\u00ea j\u00ee bi Len\u00een re sosyal\u00eezm gih\u00ee\u015fte qonaxa zanist\u00ea. Sosyal\u00eezma zanist\u00ee nakokiya \u00e7\u00een\u00ean proleterya \u00fb burj\u00fbva ku yek ji problem\u00ean ac\u00eel \u00ean w\u00ea roj\u00ea b\u00fbn \u00fb diviya bi lezg\u00een\u00ee bihatana \u00e7areserkirin, wek d\u00eenam\u00eeka sereke bidest girt \u00fb li ser v\u00ea j\u00ee gih\u00ee\u015fte p\u00eanaseya teor\u00eek. Tesb\u00eet\u00ean di v\u00ea p\u00eavajoy\u00ea de hatin p\u00ea\u015fxistin, di wateya p\u00eanasekirina nakokiy\u00ean her\u00ee lip\u00ea\u015f, tesb\u00eet\u00ean rast b\u00fbn, l\u00ea bel\u00ea ger jiyana civak \u00fb ferd bi away\u00ea t\u00eakelb\u00fbn, cih\u00eab\u00fbn \u00fb di nav hev de were hizir\u00een, tesb\u00eet\u00ean ku hatin kirin k\u00eamb\u00fbn. Newekhev\u00eetiya jiyana civak\u00ea, dijberkirina cewaziyan (farkl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131tla\u015fmas\u0131), t\u00eak\u00eel\u00ee \u00fb nakokiy\u00ean ferd-civak, jin-zilam, civak-xweza, zihniyeta serdest-bindest ku \u00eero j\u00ee her di\u00e7e k\u00fbrtir dibin, ten\u00ea bi \u00e7areseriya nakokiya di navbera \u00e7\u00eena proleter \u00fb burj\u00fbva ve gir\u00eadan, l\u00ea ev ji bo \u00e7areseriya van pirsgir\u00eakan t\u00ear nake. Wek bizav\u00ean dijber\u00ea pergal\u00ea ku li beramber\u00ee \u015faristaniya desthilatdariya zilam ser\u00ee hildan, sedema hilwe\u015f\u00eena bizav\u00ean sosyal\u00eest\u00ee j\u00ee ku ji p\u00ea\u015feng\u00ean van bizavna b\u00fbn, ew b\u00fb ku problema azadkirina zayendperestiya civak\u00ee bi n\u00eaz\u00eekatiyeke poz\u00eet\u00eev\u00eest bidest girtin, heta li p\u00ea\u015fiya p\u00ea\u015fxistina nakokiya \u00e7\u00een\u00ee wek asteng\u00ee d\u00eetin. Ev j\u00ee bi h\u00easan\u00ee rewa dike ku \u00e7awa bi feraseta modern\u00eeteya sermayedar a di derbar\u00ea civak, jiyan \u00fb t\u00eak\u00eeliyan re b\u00fbne yek \u00fb b\u00fbn p\u00eaveka pergal\u00ea. Dema doktir\u00eena sosyal\u00eezm\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fdixistin, di aliy\u00ea \u00e7awaniya avakirina civaka azad, j\u00een, t\u00eak\u00eel\u00ee \u00fb ferd de perspekt\u00eefeke wan a xurt tineb\u00fb. Tehl\u00eela civak\u00ee bi l\u00eavegeriya (\u00eend\u00eergemec\u00eel\u00eek) abor\u00ee bidest girtin, \u00e7\u00eena ku hate tehl\u00eelkirin j\u00ee zilam b\u00fb. M\u00eatandina keda jin\u00ea ku yekem\u00een h\u00eamana m\u00eatingeriy\u00ea b\u00fb, bi awayeke qeba di nava nakokiya proleterya-burj\u00fbva de hate nirxandin. Koletiya ku di f\u00eez\u00eek, ruh \u00fb hest\u00ean jin\u00ea de hewandine, nehate anal\u00eezkirin. Gava desthilatiya proleterya avab\u00fb j\u00ee, \u00e7awa ku koletiya jin\u00ea ya ku di mal \u00fb kolan\u00ea de, di dibistan \u00fb cih\u00ea kar de rast\u00ee m\u00eatingeriy\u00ea dihat tehl\u00eel nekirin, herwiha desthilatdariya zilam j\u00ee nehate tehl\u00eelkirin. Di bin nav\u00ea derbaskirina pergala m\u00eatinger de dewletkirina d\u00eektatoriya proleter nehi\u015ft ku sosyal\u00eezm ji bo pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean, ku ji bo \u00e7areseriya wan ketib\u00fb ser r\u00ea re bibe derman.<\/p>\n Ji ber diyardeya serdest-bindest wek zihniyetek\u00ea di m\u00eajiy\u00ea civak\u00ea de dane r\u00fbni\u015fkandin, \u00ead\u00ee ev zihniyet li gor be\u015f\u00ean ku hem di hundir\u00ea desthilatiy\u00ea de ne \u00fb y\u00ean ku ne t\u00ea de ne, di nava tevlihev\u00ee \u00fb cudab\u00fbneke mezin de wek elimandinek\u00ea ye. Jin yekem\u00een qurbana v\u00ea zihniyeta serdest e, lewma j\u00ee hejmareke z\u00eade \u00eensan ku di\u015fibin jin\u00ea, mehk\u00fbm\u00ea bindestiy\u00ea kirine. Ji ber v\u00ea sedem\u00ea dema mirov t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena sosyal\u00eezm\u00ea difikire, ji bo prat\u00eekb\u00fbna w\u00ea t\u00eadiko\u015fe, div\u00ea her\u00ee z\u00eade di diyardeya jin\u00ea de, rastiya zihniyeta desthilatdar ku her\u00ee b\u00eatir v\u00eena w\u00ea \u015fikandiye tehl\u00eel bike. Li gor v\u00ea j\u00ee \u00e7e\u015f\u00eet\u00ean cuda y\u00ean \u00e7areseriy\u00ea p\u00ea\u015f bix\u00eene \u00fb ev j\u00ee mijareke stratej\u00eek e. Di cewher de serketina sosyal\u00eezm\u00ea bi v\u00ea re gir\u00eaday\u00ee ye. Heke li beramber\u00ee pergala serdest ku di ser\u00ee de li hest, raman \u00fb f\u00eez\u00eeka jin\u00ea xistiye t\u00eako\u015f\u00een b\u00ea me\u015fandin, di ser\u00ee de p\u00eaw\u00eest dike t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena zind\u00eekirina hest, raman, f\u00eez\u00eek \u00fb v\u00eena jin\u00ea bi felsefeya jiyana azad were day\u00een. \u00cesbat b\u00fbye ku sosyal\u00eezma ku p\u00eakb\u00ea, ger v\u00eena jin\u00ea dernex\u00eene hol\u00ea w\u00ea negih\u00eeje serketin\u00ea. Di sosyal\u00eezma p\u00eakhat\u00ee de di ser\u00ee de giran\u00ee ji pirsgir\u00eaka dewlet \u00fb netew re hatiye day\u00een \u00fb pirsgir\u00eaka civak \u00fb malbat\u00ea pa\u015fde hatiye xistin, lewma j\u00ee encama v\u00ea \u015f\u00eawaz \u00fb r\u00eabaz\u00ea pir giran b\u00fbye. Bi dewsa ku li pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean civak\u00ee bi awayeke bit\u00fbn\u00ee were m\u00eazandin, ji hin pirsgir\u00eakan re p\u00ea\u015f\u00eeday\u00een (oncellik), r\u00ea li ber tesb\u00eet\u00ean \u00e7ewt \u00fb k\u00eam vekiriye. Di \u015fore\u015f\u00ean burj\u00fbva de diyardeya netew di cihokeke wiha de \u015femitiye. \u00c7i netew\u00ean ku t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena \u015fore\u015fa sosyal\u00eezm\u00ea me\u015fandin, \u00e7i j\u00ee y\u00ean ku t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena rizgariya netew\u00ee dan \u00fb biserketin nekarin karaktera ku wek nakokiya bingeh\u00een a netew dihate d\u00eetin derbasbikin, lewma ji v\u00ea nexwe\u015fiy\u00ea xilas neb\u00fbn. Herwiha Yek\u00eetiya Sovyet\u00ea bi p\u00ea\u015fengtiya proleterya li beramber\u00ee pa\u015fver\u00fbtiya R\u00fbs t\u00eako\u015faneke b\u00eaeman da me\u015fandin, bi nav\u00ea bindestan yekem car dewletb\u00fby\u00een p\u00eak an\u00ee. L\u00ea bel\u00ea di cewhera daw\u00eehatina w\u00ea de j\u00ee derbasnekirina dewletb\u00fby\u00een \u00fb p\u00ea\u015fnexistina demokras\u00ee \u00fb azad\u00ee cih digre. R\u00eageza Len\u00een a “Maf\u00ea Gelan a Diyarkirina \u00c7aren\u00fbsa Xwe” ji bo gel\u00ean bindest b\u00fb al, ji bo pir t\u00eako\u015f\u00een\u00ean netew\u00ee b\u00fb perspekt\u00eefa bingeh\u00een. L\u00ea bel\u00ea r\u00eageza Maf\u00ea Diyarkirina \u00c7aren\u00fbsa Xwe ji ber bi mentiqa dewlet-netew bi x\u00eazkirina s\u00eenoran re hate eyn\u00eekirin (ozde\u015f) ji mentiqa netew a ku ji h\u00eala burj\u00fbvaziy\u00ea hatiye berovaj\u00eekirin w\u00eadetir ti\u015ftek neb\u00fb. Ruxm\u00ee ku bedel\u00ean pir mezin hatin day\u00een, nirx\u00ean pir giranbuha derketin hol\u00ea, l\u00ea di encama v\u00ea t\u00eako\u015f\u00een\u00ea de, ji ber xala bingeh\u00een a ku diviya bihata derabaskirin di zihniyet \u00fb jiyana civak\u00ea de nehate derbaskirin, encama ku dihate xwestin neafirand.<\/p>\n Di encam de gel\u00ean bindest di t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena li dij\u00ee h\u00eaz\u00ean ol\u00eegar\u015f\u00eek \u00ean m\u00eatinger biser ketin, l\u00ea bel\u00ea di s\u00eenor\u00ea netew de heke em p\u00ea\u015fketina demokras\u00ee, wekhev\u00ee \u00fb edalet\u00ea wek p\u00eevan bigrin dest, di v\u00ea mijar\u00ea de serketin bidest nexistin. Di her der\u00ea c\u00eehan\u00ea de, di nav her netew\u00ea de, pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean civak\u00ee, abor\u00ee, exlaq\u00ee \u00fb \u00e7and\u00ee nehatin tehl\u00eel \u00fb \u00e7areserkirin \u00fb netew \u00eero j\u00ee bi awayeke dijwar bi van pirsgir\u00eakan re mij\u00fbl dibin. Nexasim, t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena sosyal\u00eezm\u00ea t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena filit\u00een ji nexwe\u015fiya tek\u00eetiy\u00ea (tek’lik) ye. Hem\u00fb nasnamey\u00ean etn\u00eek\u00ee ku li ser axeke hevbe\u015f dij\u00een, cih\u00eab\u00fbna wan bi xwe\u015fb\u00een\u00ee m\u00eazandin, naskirina nasnameya jin\u00ea p\u00eadiviy\u00ean w\u00ea y\u00ean jiyan\u00ee wek p\u00eadiviy\u00ean jiyan\u00ee y\u00ean civak\u00ea bidest girtin, feraseteke rast a t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena azadiy\u00ea ye. T\u00eako\u015f\u00een\u00ean ku jin\u00ea dikin der, wek y\u00eadek \u00fb al\u00eekar tevl\u00ee dikin ant\u00eedemokrat\u00eek in. Nabe ku jin ten\u00ea wek am\u00fbra berdewamkirina nif\u015f\u00ea netew \u00fb n\u00eejad were bidestgirtin. Gotin\u00ean ten\u00ea behsa wekhev\u00eetiya qeba dikin, an j\u00ee t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena azadiya jin\u00ea bi hin teleb\u00ean maf re s\u00eenordar dikin, ne azad\u00eexwaz in. Ev ancax \u015f\u00eawaz\u00ea zihniyeta desthilatdariya zilam a yek-al\u00ee ye ku bi awayeke zirav dixwaze xwe bir\u00eaxistin bike. T\u00eako\u015f\u00eena dijber\u00ea s\u00eestem\u00ea ku v\u00eena jin\u00ea nas neke, nikare ji pirsgir\u00eak \u00fb nakokiy\u00ean bingeh\u00een re bibe \u00e7areser. Derkirin, pi\u00e7\u00fbkxistin \u00fb per\u00e7iqandina nasnameya jin\u00ea, valat\u00ee \u00fb lewaziya her\u00ee mezin a pergalan e. Hin al\u00ee \u00eedea dikin ku xwed\u00ee karaktereke ant\u00ee-\u015farezat\u00ee ne, l\u00ea bel\u00ea bi awayeke her\u00ee zirav di nav jiyana civak\u00ee de r\u00eabaz, \u015f\u00eawe \u00fb zihniyeta desthilatdariya zilam p\u00ea\u015fdixin. Ev t\u00ea wateya ku berjewendiy\u00ean rojane feday\u00ea \u00eedealan dikin. Lewma j\u00ee li gor v\u00ea zihniyet\u00ea berjewendiy\u00ean dewlet \u00fb proleterya ji azadiy\u00ea binirxtir b\u00fbne. Di sosyal\u00eezma p\u00eakhat\u00ee de di bin nav\u00ea berjewendiy\u00ean gi\u015ft\u00ee y\u00ean \u015fore\u015f, gel, r\u00eaxistin \u00fb civak\u00ea; pir bi h\u00easan\u00ee ji azadiya jin\u00ea dest hatiye ki\u015fandin. Azadiya jin\u00ea \u00fb teleb\u00ean maf\u00ean w\u00ea, ten\u00ea bi p\u00eakan\u00eena her kar\u00ea ku zilam dike jin j\u00ee p\u00eak b\u00eene re s\u00eenordar kirin. Wiha j\u00ee hewara azadiy\u00ea hate per\u00e7iqandin. Lewma mirov pir z\u00eade nikare di Sovyet\u00ea de behs\u00ea bitevgerb\u00fbna xweser a jin\u00ea bi awayeke xurt \u00fb k\u00fbr bik\u00ea. Di Sovyetan de \u015fore\u015fa 1905’an b\u00fb p\u00eavajoya ku jin bi xwe bihese \u00fb doza maf\u00ean xwe bike. Di v\u00ea p\u00eavajoy\u00ea de yekem car li pir baj\u00ear\u00ean R\u00fbsyay\u00ea mit\u00eeng\u00ean maf\u00ea jin\u00ea t\u00ea lidarxistin. Di Partiya \u015eore\u015fa Sovyet\u00ea de di navbera sal\u00ean 1901-1916’an de tevl\u00eeb\u00fbna jin\u00ea z\u00eadetir dibe. Bi taybet ji ber di \u015fer\u00ea c\u00eehan\u00ea y\u00ea I. de zilam ji hilber\u00een\u00ea d\u00fbr ketine, dibe sedem ku jin n\u00eev\u00ea h\u00eaza kar p\u00eak b\u00eenin. \u015eore\u015fa Cotmeh\u00ea ya 1917’an ji h\u00eala karker\u00ean jin\u00ean Petrograd\u00ee ve t\u00ea destp\u00eakirin. Jin bi awayeke pir \u00e7alak tevl\u00ee \u015fore\u015f\u00ea dibin, l\u00ea bel\u00ea di t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena \u015fore\u015fger\u00ee de ji h\u00eala r\u00eaheval\u00ean wan \u00ean xort ve n\u00eaz\u00eekatiy\u00ean zayendperestiya civak\u00ee li ser wan ferz dibe. Ji ber bandora giran a v\u00ea n\u00eaz\u00eekatiy\u00ea \u00fb herwiha r\u00eaxistinb\u00fbna jinan a cewher\u00ee neb\u00fb, nekarin m\u00eena karakter\u00ea \u015fore\u015f\u00ea de guhertinek\u00ea bidin \u00e7\u00eakirin \u00fb nekar\u00een asta rew\u015fa ber\u00ea derbas bikin. \u015eore\u015f\u00ea nekar\u00ee xwe ji \u015fore\u015fa zilam xilas bike. Problema azadiya zayendperestiya civak\u00ee wek nakokiyeke tal\u00ee hate bidestgirtin, bi awayeke materyal\u00eestiya qeba j\u00ea re n\u00eaz\u00eekat\u00ee hate \u00e7\u00eakirin \u00fb wer hate hesibandin ku t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena \u00e7\u00een\u00ee dikare hem\u00fb pirsgir\u00eakan \u00e7areser bike. B\u00eaguman k\u00eam \u00fb nebes be j\u00ee hin jinan xwestin ku di \u015fore\u015f\u00ea de karakter\u00ea zilam derbas bikin, di v\u00ea mijar\u00ea de t\u00eako\u015f\u00een \u00fb bedel\u00ean pir giran j\u00ee dan. Alexandra Kollanta\u00ee ku di \u015fore\u015fa R\u00fbs de xwed\u00ee tevl\u00eeb\u00fbneke mezin e, al\u00eekara sekretera r\u00eaxistina navnetew\u00ee ya jin\u00ea ye j\u00ee. Kollanta\u00ee di malbateke dewlemend de mezin bib\u00fb. L\u00ea di temenek pi\u00e7\u00fbk de newekheviy\u00ean civak\u00ee ku di R\u00fbsyay\u00ea de serwer b\u00fbn dib\u00eene \u00fb nakokiyan dij\u00ee. Pi\u015ftre zewicandina xw\u00ee\u015fka xwe ya 19 sal\u00ee bi zilameke 60 sal\u00ee re wek zewaca firotin\u00ea dinirx\u00eene \u00fb ev b\u00fbyer j\u00ee dibe sedem ku nakokiy\u00ean w\u00ea k\u00fbr bibin, l\u00eager\u00ean w\u00ea xurt bibin. Di civaka R\u00fbs de ku bandora feodal\u00eezm\u00ea pir dijwar dihate jiy\u00een, Alexandra j\u00ee bi pismam\u00ea xwe re t\u00ea zewicandin \u00fb zarokeke w\u00ea \u00e7\u00eadibe. Kollanta\u00ee ticar dest\u00fbr nade ku zewac \u00fb zaroka w\u00ea li p\u00ea\u015fiya l\u00eagera w\u00ea ya azadiy\u00ea bibe asteng. Ji bizava Karker\u00ean R\u00fbs re sempat\u00ee n\u00ee\u015fan dide. Hema b\u00eaje tevl\u00ee hem\u00fb konferans\u00ean ku di w\u00ea dem\u00ea de t\u00eane lidarxistin dibe, pirt\u00fbkan dixw\u00eene \u00fb ji ber elaqeya ji \u015fore\u015f\u00ea re xwe zane dike. Lewma j\u00ee di\u00e7e Z\u00fbr\u00eex\u00ea ku perwerdeya abor\u00ee-pol\u00eet\u00eek bib\u00eene. Di sala 1899’an de vedigere Len\u00eengrad\u00ea \u00fb xebata xwe destp\u00ea dike. Alexandra bi hem\u00fb h\u00eaza xwe ve dike ku di programa RSDP de pirsgir\u00eaka azadiya jin\u00ea j\u00ee bicih bike \u00fb di encama t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena xwe a b\u00ea sekin, v\u00ea yek\u00ea biser dix\u00een\u00ea. Di sala 1907’an de yekem\u00een qul\u00fbba jin\u00ean karker ava dike. Pi\u015ft\u00ee ku R\u00fbsyaya \u00c7ar hilwe\u015fiya, ew yekem\u00een jin b\u00fb ku ji bo endamtiya huk\u00fbmet\u00ea \u00fb wez\u00eertiy\u00ea hate hilbijartin.<\/p>\n Di sala 1918’an de bi tevl\u00eeb\u00fbna 1200 delegey\u00ean jin \u00ean gund\u00ee \u00fb karker konferanseke jinan t\u00ea lidarxistin. Pi\u015ft\u00ee v\u00ea konferans\u00ea yekem r\u00eaxistina xweser a jin\u00ea t\u00ea r\u00eaxistinkirin \u00fb jin li j\u00ear v\u00ea saziy\u00ea bir\u00eaxistin dibin. Stal\u00een di sala 1929’an de bi vegotina “P\u00eaw\u00eest e dewlet p\u00eadiviy\u00ean jin\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fwaz\u00ee bike” v\u00ea r\u00eaxistinb\u00fbna xweser dide girtin. Ne\u00e7ar dih\u00ealin ku jin\u00ean \u015fore\u015f\u00ea, bibin jin\u00ean mal\u00ean xwe.<\/p>\n T\u00eako\u015f\u00eena sosyal\u00eezm\u00ea p\u00eaw\u00eest dike di her ziraviya jiyan\u00ea de ji civak, ferd, zayend, xweza \u00fb hem\u00fb detay\u00ean din \u00ean jiyan\u00ea re n\u00eaz\u00eekat\u00ee bide diyarkirin. Wek ku p\u00eakhat, binxistina burj\u00fbvaziy\u00ea \u00fb avakirina serdestiya proleteryay\u00ea, ji jin\u00ea re azad\u00ee nean\u00ee. Jixwe sosyal\u00eezma p\u00eakhat\u00ee ev mijar bi m\u00eenak\u00ean traj\u00eek n\u00ee\u015fan kir. Lewma div\u00ea di serdema me de karakter\u00ea bingeh\u00een a t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena sosyal\u00eezm\u00ea, p\u00ea\u015fxistina zihniyeteke ku xwe ji desthilatdariy\u00ea saf\u00ee kiribe, hem\u00fb cih\u00earengiy\u00ean civak\u00ee bib\u00eene, j\u00ea re h\u00fbrmet bigre \u00fb bi awayeke azad\u00eexwaz tev bigere.<\/p>\n Ji ber ku v\u00eena jin\u00ea tevl\u00ee t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena sosyal\u00eezm\u00ea nekirin, b\u00fb sedem ku derfeta j\u00eena n\u00fb were girtin. Yek ji nav\u00ean her\u00ee p\u00ea\u015f \u00ean t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena sosyal\u00eezm\u00ea \u00fb n\u00fbner\u00ean Marks\u00eezm\u00ea y\u00ean jin Rosa Luxemburg \u00fb Clara Zetk\u00een ruxm\u00ee ku bi berfireh\u00ee t\u00eako\u015fan, mixabin nekar\u00ee s\u00eenor\u00ean desthilatdariy\u00ea derbas bikin. Rosa \u00fb Clara p\u00ea bawer b\u00fbn ku azadiya jin\u00ea bi serxweb\u00fbna abor\u00ee mumkin dibe, lewma j\u00ee bawer dikirin ku heke jin tevl\u00ee hilber\u00een\u00ea bibe w\u00ea azadiy\u00ea bidest bix\u00eene. Dihizir\u00een ku ger jin bi proleterya re tev bigerin \u00fb tevl\u00ee t\u00eako\u015f\u00een\u00ea bibin w\u00ea ev t\u00eako\u015f\u00een azadiya jin\u00ea j\u00ee b\u00eene. Sekna Rosa \u00fb Clara di nava r\u00eaxistin\u00ea de bi awayeke bir\u00eagez \u00fb rad\u00eekal b\u00fb. Bi taybet mirov dikare ji t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena \u00e7\u00een\u00ee ku Rosa di nav r\u00eaxistin\u00ea de dime\u015fand v\u00ea f\u00eam bike. Ya ku her\u00ee z\u00eade li beramber\u00ee feraset\u00ean rev\u00eezyon\u00eest \u00fb reform\u00eest li berxwe daye \u00fb sekneke v\u00eendar p\u00ea\u015f xistiye Rosa Luxemb\u00fbrg e. Rosa, laderiya (d\u00f6nek) Kautsky her\u00ee z\u00fb ferq dike. Herwiha bi pirt\u00fbka “Reform An J\u00ee \u015eore\u015f” bersiv dide Berste\u00een. H\u00eena dema xwendevan e, bi aliy\u00ean xwe y\u00ea m\u00fbxal\u00eef bal diki\u015f\u00eene. Rosa L\u00fbksemb\u00fbrg di zaneb\u00fbna Cih\u00fbb\u00fbna xwe (Yeh\u00fbd\u00ee) de ye. Di dibistanek\u00ea ku ji bil\u00ee R\u00fbs\u00ee axaftina bi zimaneke din qedexe ye, perwerde dib\u00eene. Nakokiy\u00ean ku dij\u00ee \u00fb hi\u015f\u00ea w\u00ea y\u00ea zirav dibe sedem ku di temeneke z\u00fb de ji siyaset\u00ea re elaqeya w\u00ea \u00e7\u00ea bibe. Rosa dema h\u00eena 18 sal\u00ee ye, ne\u00e7ar dim\u00eene ku Polonyay\u00ea biterik\u00eene \u00fb direve \u00cesv\u00ee\u00e7re y\u00ea. Pa\u015f\u00ea j\u00ee di\u00e7e Elmanyay\u00ea. Li Berl\u00een\u00ea di nav SPD’y\u00ea de cih digire \u00fb di sala 1907’an de di 5. Kongreya demokrat\u00ean sosyal\u00eest \u00ean R\u00fbs de n\u00fbnert\u00eeya SPD’\u00ea dike. Ruxm\u00ee ku xwed\u00ee taybetiy\u00ean m\u00fbxal\u00eef e, mirov dikare bandora n\u00ear\u00eena poz\u00eet\u00eev\u00eest \u00fb qalib\u00ean hizr\u00ee y\u00ean ku derneketiye dervey\u00ee s\u00eenor\u00ean agahiya modern\u00eeteya capitalist di Rosa de bib\u00eene. R\u00eabertiya me, ev rew\u015f wiha rave kiriye;<\/p>\n Rosa L\u00fbxemb\u00fbrg wexta ku p\u00eakhatina sermayey\u00ea bi \u015fert\u00ea civaka ne kap\u00eetal\u00eest ve gir\u00ea dida, gihi\u015ftiye keviya heq\u00eeqeteke gelek\u00ee gir\u00eeng. Eger ji keviy\u00ea hinek\u00ee din ber bi hundir ve bime\u015fiya, w\u00ea bid\u00eeta ku ten\u00ea bi heb\u00fbna civaka ne kap\u00eetal\u00eest ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee n\u00eene, ew weke kijnik\u00ea ku xw\u00eena civak\u00ea dimije, diwerime \u00fb ji v\u00ea xw\u00een\u00ea dilopek\u00ea bi karkeran dide vexwarin \u00fb bi v\u00ee away\u00ee wan j\u00ee dike hevpar\u00ea guneh\u00ea xwe. Ez bi awayek\u00ee gelek\u00ee zelal destn\u00ee\u015fan dikim: ez hewldana karkeran j\u00ee \u00eenkar nakim; l\u00ea ez dib\u00eajim mirov p\u00eakhatina sermayey\u00ea pir hindik\u00ee dikare bi keda karker ve gir\u00ea bide, heta mirov di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya felsef\u00ee-d\u00eerok\u00ee-civak\u00ee de bifikire w\u00ea ev m\u00eeqdara pir hindik j\u00ee maneya xwe nem\u00eene.<\/p>\n Fikra “Dewlet-netewa navend\u00ee nebe demokras\u00ee \u00fb sosyal\u00eezm nabe” xwe xapandineke gelek\u00ee mezin. Ev fikir di nava \u00e7epgiran de h\u00ea bi bandor e \u00fb sed \u00fb p\u00eanc\u00ee salan ev fikra ferm\u00ee ya sosyal\u00eezma p\u00eakhat\u00ee b\u00fb. Encam\u00ean xeternak \u00ean v\u00ea yek\u00ea, nexasim li Elmanyay\u00ea di ser\u00ee de Rosa L\u00fbxemb\u00fbrg di t\u00eak\u00e7\u00fbna gelek sosyal\u00eest \u00fb demokratan de hat d\u00eetin; ev rew\u015f di jihevdeketina s\u00eestema sosyal\u00eezma p\u00eakhat\u00ee de qewim\u00ee. Bi qas\u00ee bi v\u00ee away\u00ee xap\u00een\u00ea, ti xapandin\u00ea zirar nedaye demokras\u00ee \u00fb sosyal\u00eezm\u00ea. Komar \u00fb demokras\u00ee li dij\u00ee yekdestdariya dewlet-netew\u00ea bi ten\u00ea bi p\u00eakhatin\u00ean siyaseta demokrat\u00eek \u00ean piral\u00eepar\u00eaz dikarin bigih\u00eejin maneya xwe ya rast\u00ee. Hing\u00ea jiyaneke p\u00eakve di nava cudatiyan de \u00fb welatpar\u00eaziyeke manedar dikare bi rej\u00eema siyaseta demokrat\u00eek a piral\u00eepar\u00eaz \u00fb komara demokrat\u00eek p\u00eak b\u00ea.<\/p>\n Rosa L\u00fbxemb\u00fbrg bi mebesta aliy\u00ean ku rexne dike derbas bike, di 1’\u00ea \u00c7ileya sala 1916’an li beramber\u00ee pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ean dewlet\u00ea, bi nav\u00ea Yek\u00eetiya Spartak\u00fbs gr\u00fbbek\u00ea bir\u00eaxistin dike. Ji ber dijbertiya gr\u00fbb\u00ea li beramber\u00ee pol\u00eet\u00eekay\u00ean dewlet\u00ea, Rosa bi girt\u00eegeh\u00ea t\u00ea sizakirin. Di nav van salan de j\u00ee meqale \u00fb niv\u00eesan diniv\u00eese. Di sal\u00ean girt\u00eegeh\u00ea de niv\u00ees\u00ean li ser \u015fore\u015fa R\u00fbsyay\u00ea \u00fb rexney\u00ean ku li beramber\u00ee Bol\u015fev\u00eekan p\u00ea\u015f dix\u00eene balk\u00ea\u015f in. Rosa ti otor\u00eeteyan qeb\u00fbl nake, lewma di ref\u00ean t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena xwe de bi zilaman re t\u00eako\u015f\u00eeneke dijwar dime\u015f\u00eene. Zilam, ji ber taybetmendiy\u00ean w\u00ea y\u00ean \u015ferker \u00fb serhi\u015fk w\u00ea wek hukimkar, heta h\u00eester\u00eek binav kirine. Herwiha nav\u00ean wek heloya (kartal) \u015fore\u015f\u00ea, Rosaya Sor j\u00ee l\u00ea kirine. Rosa bi as\u00eeb\u00fbn \u00fb serhi\u015fkb\u00fbna xwe ve li gor dema xwe jineke nejir\u00eaz\u00ea ye, di derdora xwe de hem heyrant\u00ee hem j\u00ee aciz\u00ee ava dike. Rosa L\u00fbkxemb\u00fbrg dema ji girt\u00eegeh\u00ea derdikeve xebat\u00ean xwe berdewam dike \u00fb bi heval\u00ean xwe re Partiya Kom\u00een\u00eest\u00ean Elman ava dike. Ji ber raman \u00fb niv\u00ees\u00ean xwe pir caran t\u00ea girtin, di sala 1919’an 16’\u00ea \u00c7ile ji h\u00eala le\u015fker\u00ean \u00eemparatoriy\u00ea ve heya dimire t\u00ea l\u00eadan \u00fb pa\u015f\u00ea j\u00ee w\u00ea diav\u00eajin \u00e7em. Rosa ji bo bibe jineke azad \u00fb bir\u00fbmet ticar ji rastiy\u00ean xwe pa\u015fvenegeriya \u00fb ji mirin\u00ea netirs\u00ee. Rosa L\u00fbxemb\u00fbrg bi jiyan \u00fb berxwedana xwe mirin binxist.<\/p>\n Clara Zetk\u00een j\u00ee di 5’\u00ea T\u00eermeha 1857’an li Saksonyay\u00ea t\u00ea c\u00eehan\u00ea. Bi Rosa L\u00fbxemb\u00fbrg re di nav netewa Elman de bi proleterya R\u00fbs re di nava pi\u015ftg\u00eeriy\u00ea de ye. Dema v\u00ea t\u00eako\u015f\u00een\u00ea dime\u015f\u00eene j\u00ee hewl dide ku pirsgir\u00eaka azadiya jin\u00ea j\u00ee bike rojev. Serniv\u00eesa metna axaftina kongreya rizgariya enternasyonala duyem\u00een di sala 1889’an li Par\u00ees\u00ea di derbar\u00ea rizgariya jin\u00ea de amade dike. Clara Zetk\u00eena 32 sal\u00ee, bi awayeke xwebawer \u00fb bi zimaneke rewan yekem\u00een axaftina xwe dike \u00fb di t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena \u00e7\u00een\u00ea de n\u00fbnertiya doza ke\u00e7 \u00fb jinan dike. Clara di v\u00ea axaftina xwe ya bi bandor de van xalan t\u00eene zim\u00ean: “P\u00eaw\u00eest e sosyal\u00eest bizanibin ku, di roja \u00eero de di p\u00ea\u015fketina abor\u00ee de karkirina jinan zer\u00fbr\u00ee ye. Sosyal\u00eest beriya herti\u015ft\u00ee div\u00ea bizanibin ku berbendiya (ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k) abor\u00ee \u00fb serbixweb\u00fbn, bi kolet\u00ee \u00fb azadiya civak\u00ee re p\u00eawend\u00eedar e. Y\u00ean ku rizgariya her ti\u015fta di s\u00fbret\u00ea mirov de ji xwe re kirine dur\u00fb\u015fme, nikarin n\u00eev\u00ea zayenda mirov mehk\u00fbm\u00ea koletiya civak\u00ee, siyas\u00ee \u00fb berbendiya abor\u00ee bikin. \u00c7awa ku karker bi dest\u00ea kap\u00eetal\u00eestan kirine j\u00ear n\u00eer, jin j\u00ee li j\u00ear n\u00eer\u00ea zilam de hi\u015ftine \u00fb heya jin negih\u00eeje azadiya abor\u00ee w\u00ea wiha j\u00ee bim\u00eene. \u015eert\u00ea sereke ji bo serxweb\u00fbna abor\u00ee ya jinan karkirin e.”<\/p>\n \u00c7awa ku ji van axaftin\u00ean Clara j\u00ee f\u00eam dibe, w\u00ea bawer dikir ku azadiya jin\u00ea j\u00ee wek azadiya tevahiya mirovahiy\u00ea bi rizgarb\u00fbna ked\u00ea ji n\u00eer\u00ea sermayey\u00ea mumkin dibe. Ew p\u00ea fikir\u00eeb\u00fb ku ten\u00ea di civaka sosyal\u00eest de jin j\u00ee wek karkeran w\u00ea bibe xwed\u00ee maf. Bi v\u00ea axaftina Clara Zetk\u00een yekem car di enternasyonala duyem\u00een de mijara jin \u00fb sosyal\u00eezm\u00ea dikeve rojev\u00ea. Di v\u00ea enternasyonal\u00ea de biryar t\u00ea girtin ku 8’\u00ea Adar\u00ea Roja Jin\u00ean C\u00eehan\u00ea were p\u00eerozkirin. Di sala 1907’an de bi komb\u00fby\u00eena 59 jin\u00ean ji 15 welatan di yekem\u00een kongreya navnetew\u00ee ya jin\u00ean sosyal\u00eest de roleke bi bandor diley\u00eezin. Di w\u00ea r\u00fbni\u015ftin\u00ea de biryar t\u00ea girtin ku hem\u00fb r\u00eaxistin\u00ean jinan \u00ean sosyal\u00eest bibin yek. Ruxm\u00ee ku Clara fem\u00een\u00eest b\u00fb l\u00ea dijber\u00ee dike ku bi jin\u00ean burj\u00fbva re yekb\u00fbn \u00e7\u00eabibe. Clara Zetk\u00een di bizava jin\u00ean Elman de li beramber\u00ee \u00ean nerm (\u0131l\u0131ml\u0131) t\u00eako\u015f\u00eeneke pir mezin dide me\u015fandin. Bi Helene Stocker re ku Komeleya Parastina Day\u00eekan saz dike dibe heval. Teleb\u00ean Helene Stoker \u00ean wek “ji jin\u00ean ku beriya zewac\u00ea j\u00ee dibin day\u00eek re belavkirina derman\u00ean parastina bihemlb\u00fbn\u00ea \u00fb qan\u00fbn\u00eeb\u00fbna maf\u00ea kurtaj\u00ea” destek dike. Her\u00e7end bizav\u00ean jinan ev helwest mehk\u00fbm kirin j\u00ee, hevalt\u00ee \u00fb helwesta van her du jinan heya ku Clara Zetk\u00een dimire, dewam dike. Di v\u00ea navber\u00ea de Clara Zetk\u00een wek sekretera gi\u015ft\u00ee ya r\u00eaxistina navnetew\u00ee ya jin\u00ea t\u00ea hilbijartin \u00fb di send\u00eekab\u00fby\u00eena jin\u00ea de j\u00ee roleke \u00e7alek digre ser xwe. Di sala 1908’an de ji ber ku ji berjewendiya \u00e7\u00eena proleter b\u00eatir p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee dide berjewendiya jin\u00ea, erka w\u00ea ya di nav SPD’\u00ea de t\u00ea sekinandin. Clara pir caran dide diyarkirin ku ji bo w\u00ea wateya jiyan\u00ea \u015ferkirin e \u00fb ji bo ku bi awayeke bir\u00fbmet bij\u00ee qet dest ji t\u00eako\u015f\u00een\u00ea bernade. Clara Zetk\u00een ke\u00e7a mamosteyeke gund e, di temen\u00ea zarok\u00een\u00ee de bi pirt\u00fbk\u00ean ku dixw\u00eene, di r\u00eaya nirx\u00ean ku p\u00ea bawer dike ber\u00e7avgirtina mirin\u00ea f\u00ear dibe \u00fb jiyana xwe li ser v\u00ea xet\u00ea dide diyarkirin. Heya sala 1933’an ku d\u00eeroka mirina w\u00ea ye, heya daw\u00ee parastina ti\u015ft\u00ean ku p\u00ea bawere ji xwe re dike r\u00eagez.<\/p>\n Rosa \u00fb Clara ji nasnameya zayend\u00ee b\u00eatir, bi t\u00eagih\u00ee\u015ftina \u00e7\u00een\u00ea t\u00eako\u015f\u00een me\u015fandin. L\u00ea bel\u00ea li gor dem\u00ea xwe ti\u015fta ku bi nav\u00ea t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena jin\u00ea j\u00ee kirin, ne di w\u00ea ast\u00ea de ye ku pi\u00e7\u00fbk b\u00ea d\u00eetin. \u00cero pir kes yekem car t\u00eako\u015f\u00een\u00ea ji wan dixw\u00eenin, ji wan f\u00ear dibin. Div\u00ea ji nirx\u00ean ku p\u00ea\u015feng\u00ean me afirandine re bi erzan\u00ee \u00fb jir\u00eaz\u00ea n\u00eaz\u00eekat\u00ee ney\u00ea kirin. Elbet rexney\u00ean me d\u00ea hebin, l\u00ea em div\u00ea xwed\u00ee li wan derkevin \u00fb nirx\u00ea ku di d\u00eerok\u00ea de heq kirine j\u00ee bidin wan.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ji Pirt\u00fbka Jina Azad K\u00ea ye \u00fb \u00c7awa Dij\u00ee? L\u00eagera mirovahiy\u00ea ya ji bo azad\u00ee, heq\u00eeqet \u00fb mirova\/\u00ea azad cewhera t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena sosyal\u00eezm\u00ea j\u00ee \u00eefade dike. Di dir\u00eajaAhiya d\u00eerok\u00ea de t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena sosyal\u00eezm\u00ea ku p\u00ea\u015fketiye bi awayek\u00ea b\u00fbye x\u00eava azadiya mirovahiy\u00ea, ji qonax\u00ean cuda derbas b\u00fbye \u00fb gih\u00ee\u015ftiye asta ku wek zanist\u00ee em bi nav dikin. B\u00eaguman […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":579,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-578","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/578","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=578"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/578\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":580,"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/578\/revisions\/580"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/579"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=578"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=578"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=578"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}