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Sema Del\u00eel AMED<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \n Beriya serdema Ronesans\u00ea li Ewr\u00fbpay\u00ea civak di serdemeke feodaltiy\u00ea de derbas dib\u00fb. Xerab\u00fbna civak\u00ea gih\u00ee\u015ftiye asteke bilind; diz\u00ee, talan, nexwe\u015f\u00ee, mirin, nezan\u00ee, feq\u00eer\u00ee \u00fb hwd. b\u00fbne par\u00e7ey\u00ean jiyana rojane. Komun\u00ean gel \u00ean hey\u00ee j\u00ee hatib\u00fbn belavkirin, ji aliy\u00ea derebeg\u00ean feodal ve ax\u00ean \u00e7andiniy\u00ea bi \u015fer \u00fb pev\u00e7\u00fbnan dihatin girtin, desteserkirin. Xiristiyant\u00ee ji cewher\u00ea xwe hatib\u00fb d\u00fbrxistin \u00fb di d\u00earan de ji bo berjewendiy\u00ean rahiban am\u00fbreke xapandin\u00ea b\u00fb. D\u00ear \u00ead\u00ee nikarib\u00fb ji pirsgir\u00eak\u00ean civak\u00ea re bibe \u00e7areser\u00ee. Ji bo ser v\u00ea rew\u015f\u00ea binixum\u00eene j\u00ea re gunehkar p\u00eaw\u00eest b\u00fbn. Rew\u015fa jin\u00ea ji bo v\u00ea dest dida. Hem di raya gi\u015ft\u00ee de c\u00ee nedigirt, hem di d\u00ear\u00ea de roleke w\u00ea ya bingeh\u00een tune b\u00fb, di jiyan\u00ea de ten\u00ea p\u00eajna w\u00ea mab\u00fb, kurt \u00fb cewher\u00ee ji h\u00eaz\u00ea de hatib\u00fb xistin. Ji feq\u00eeriy\u00ea ketib\u00fb rew\u015feke ku xwe\u015fikiya w\u00ea nemab\u00fb.<\/p>\n Ji hem\u00fb xerabiy\u00ean, b\u00fbyer\u00ean kes\u00ee nedikar\u00ee p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee l\u00ea bigire jin, bi taybet\u00ee jin\u00ean p\u00eer \u00fb jineb\u00ee, b\u00eaxwed\u00ee\u00a0 berpirsiyar dihatin girtin. L\u00ea di v\u00ea hind\u00ea de em dinih\u00earin ku jin qet j\u00ee ew qas b\u00eah\u00eaz neb\u00fb. Bi ezm\u00fbn\u00ean xwe y\u00ean ji serdema neol\u00eet\u00eek\u00ea ve jiyan\u00ea berdewam dikir. Bi derman\u00ean bixwe \u00e7\u00eadikir nexwe\u015fiyan ba\u015f dikir, hem\u00fb xwarin\u00ean xwe bi dest\u00ea xwe berhev dikir, derdor\u00ean xwe xwed\u00ee dikir. Ev h\u00eaza w\u00ea ya awarte, k\u00earhatin, enerj\u00ee \u00fb zanab\u00fbna w\u00ea dihi\u015ft ku nav\u00ean weke cad\u00fb \u00fb s\u00eahirbaz l\u00ea b\u00ean kirin.<\/p>\n Derbar\u00ea qa\u015fo cad\u00fb \u00fb s\u00eahirbazan de darizandin\u00ean bi girsey\u00ee destp\u00eak\u00ea ji sal\u00ean 1397’an heta 1406’an li kanton\u00ean Siw\u00ead p\u00eak t\u00ean. P\u00ea\u015f\u00ee ev darizandin li dadgeh\u00ean engiz\u00eesyon\u00ea dihatin kirin, di sedsala 16. de dadgeh\u00ean la\u00eek j\u00ee tevl\u00ee vana dibin. Mirov\u00ean dihatin darizandin ji sed\u00ee he\u015ft\u00ea jin b\u00fbn. Di 1484’an de Papa ferman derdixe \u00fb ji bo koka wan biqel\u00eene du rahib erkdar dike. Bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee n\u00ea\u00e7\u00eera cad\u00fbyan ji aliy\u00ea Papa ve t\u00ea er\u00eakirin. Di 1487’an de Her\u00eecus \u00censtitoris \u00fb Jakop Sprenger derbar\u00ea cad\u00fbyan de bi nav\u00ea “\u00c7ak\u00fb\u00e7\u00ea Cad\u00fb” pirt\u00fbkek diniv\u00ees\u00eenin. Li gor v\u00ea pirt\u00fbk\u00ea di bin\u00ea cad\u00fbtiy\u00ea de daxwaziyeke cins\u00ee ya t\u00ear nabe heye. Sereke armanca cad\u00fbyan qelandina m\u00earaniya m\u00earan e. Bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee nav \u00fb deng\u00ea xerab \u00ea cad\u00fbyan li hem\u00fb Ewr\u00fbpay\u00ea hat belavkirin, di hi\u015f\u00ea mirovan de hat bic\u00eekirin.<\/p>\n Di 1595’\u00ea de li Hollandaya r\u00eaveberiya \u00cespanyol kral Phl\u00eep\u00ea II. bi ferman-nameyek\u00ea di b\u00fbyer\u00ean\u00a0 s\u00eahirbaziy\u00ea de jin\u00ean p\u00eer s\u00fbcdar\u00ean sereke n\u00ee\u015fan da. Ji v\u00ea m\u00eenak\u00ea j\u00ee t\u00ea f\u00eamkirin ku n\u00ea\u00e7\u00eera jin\u00ean zana bi giran\u00ee bi dest\u00ea d\u00ear\u00ea, papaz, rahib \u00fb papayan hat\u00ee kirin. Ji sedsala 14. heta ser\u00ea sedsala 18. bi deh hezaran jin, bi s\u00fbcdariya cad\u00fbt\u00ee \u00fb s\u00eahirbaziy\u00ea bi r\u00eabaz\u00ean \u015fewitandin \u00fb darvekirin\u00ea hatin qetilkirin.<\/p>\n Ev qetl\u00eeam; di d\u00eeroka mirovahiy\u00ea de belk\u00ee j\u00ee komploya her\u00ee giran b\u00fb ku li ser\u00ea jina day\u00eek, a p\u00eer \u00fb zanyara civak\u00ea hat gerandin. M\u00ear\u00ea desthilatdar bi van qetl\u00eeaman xwestib\u00fb hem\u00fb zan\u00een\u00ean mirovahiy\u00ea bi tevah\u00ee bigire bin dest\u00ea xwe, jin\u00ea ji van taybet\u00ee \u00fb k\u00earhatin\u00ean w\u00ea qut bike. Ji bo careke din nikaribe di civak\u00ea de rola p\u00ea\u015feng bil\u00eeze derbeya her\u00ee giran \u00fb xedar l\u00eaxist.<\/p>\n \n Qurbana Komploya \u015eore\u015fa Dijber \u00fb Demokrasiya Sosyal a Alman Rosa\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Weke zaroka malbateke cih\u00fb di 1871’\u00ea de li bajarek\u00ee (Zamo\u015f) Polonyay\u00ea t\u00ea din\u00ea Rosa Lukxemb\u00fbrg.\u00a0 H\u00ea ji ciwaniya xwe ve di nav tevger\u00ean sosyal\u00eest de cih\u00ea xwe digire. Li Zur\u00eeh\u00ea perwerdeya zanist\u00ean xwezay\u00ee, b\u00eerkar\u00ee \u00fb aboriy\u00ea dib\u00eene. Di rojnamey\u00ean karkeran de niv\u00eesevaniy\u00ea dike. Endama Partiya Sosyal Demokrat a Polonyay\u00ea ye \u00fb di kongreya 1893’yan a Enternasyonala II. de partiya xwe tems\u00eel dike. Ji 1898’an \u00fb \u015f\u00fbn ve bi tevahiya h\u00eaza xwe tevl\u00ee tevgera t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena karker\u00ean Alman dibe.<\/p>\n Bi teoriyeke xurt a entelektuel\u00ee, ji bo sosyal\u00eezm\u00ea di nav mirovahiy\u00ea de belav bike bi hem\u00fb h\u00eaza xwe dixebite. Taybetiya w\u00ea ya her\u00ee gir\u00eeng; \u015fore\u015fgereke xwed\u00ee k\u00earhatina fikirandina serbixwe b\u00fb. W\u00ea ba\u015f dizanib\u00fb ku \u015fert\u00ea her\u00ee gir\u00eeng \u00ea Marks\u00eestb\u00fbn\u00ea; mirov bi r\u00eagez\u00ean Marks\u00eezm\u00ea re gir\u00eaday\u00ee bim\u00eene \u00fb bikaribe serbixwe bifikire \u00fb tevbigere. Ji ber v\u00ea yek\u00ea ye ku berhem\u00ean w\u00ea heta niha j\u00ee heman eleqey\u00ea dib\u00eenin. Clara Zetk\u00een ji bo w\u00ea dib\u00eaje; “Fikra sosyal\u00eezm\u00ea; hem di dil\u00ea w\u00ea hem j\u00ee di m\u00eajiy\u00ea w\u00ea de azweriyeke bi h\u00eaz, xurt b\u00fb. Ew, ji bo \u015fore\u015f\u00ea \u015f\u00fbrek\u00ee t\u00fbj, agirek\u00ee zind\u00ee b\u00fb.”<\/p>\n Bi hi\u015f\u00ea xwe y\u00ea zelal, bi \u00e7alakgeriya xwe, di nav t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena sosyal\u00eezm\u00ea de cihek\u00ee gir\u00eeng girt\u00fbb\u00fb. B\u00eatirs, bi w\u00earek\u00ee dikarib\u00fb bi ser dijber\u00ee \u00fb \u015fa\u015f\u00eetiyan ve bi\u00e7e. Di t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena sosyal\u00eezm\u00ea de tu car\u00ee reform\u00eezm\u00ea qeb\u00fbl nekirib\u00fb. Ev taybetiy\u00ean w\u00ea, fikr\u00ean w\u00ea y\u00ean rad\u00eekal, ji bo Demokrat\u00ean Sosyal \u00ean Alman b\u00fbb\u00fbn xeteriyek. Yan w\u00ea Rosa bi van fikr \u00fb \u00e7alakiy\u00ean xwe ji hol\u00ea bihata rakirin yan j\u00ee w\u00ea her tim li p\u00ea\u015fiya desthilatiya wan a l\u00eeberal bib\u00fbya kelem \u00fb astengeke xurt. Di v\u00ea ast\u00ea de nikarib\u00fbn r\u00eeskeke wiha li ber \u00e7av bigirtina. Ten\u00ea dikarib\u00fbn bi komployek\u00ea w\u00ea ji hol\u00ea rakirina. Di 15’\u00ea \u00e7ileya sala 1919’an de li Berl\u00een\u00ea bi heval\u00ea w\u00ea y\u00ea t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena sosyal\u00eest Karl L\u00eeebknecht re w\u00ea ku\u015ftin.<\/p>\n Beriya ku b\u00ea ku\u015ftin li Berl\u00een\u00ea di niv\u00eeseke xwe de gotib\u00fb “Ez heb\u00fbm! Ez heme! Ez \u00ea hebim!”\u00a0 bi van gotin\u00ean xwe rastiyeke d\u00eerok\u00ee dian\u00ee ziman. Her \u00e7iqas bi fiz\u00eek\u00ee ji hol\u00ea hatibe rakirin j\u00ee fikr \u00fb \u00e7alakiy\u00ean w\u00ea, berhem\u00ean w\u00ea, heta roja me j\u00ee di t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena sosyal\u00eest a mirovahiy\u00ea de b\u00fbne weke find \u00fb me\u015faleyek \u00fb r\u00eaya jin\u00ean kedkar ron\u00ee dikin. Yan\u00ea di b\u00eer \u00fb hi\u015f\u00ea civaka exlaq\u00ee \u00fb pol\u00eet\u00eek de w\u00ea her hebe…<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Leyla Qasim; Qehremanek e Ku Tif Kiriye R\u00fby\u00ea Celad\u00ea Xwe<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n Di nav gel\u00ea kurd de, bi taybet\u00ee gel\u00ea ba\u015f\u00fbr\u00ea Kurdistan\u00ea, hema b\u00eaje kes ji me tune ye ku ji zaroktiya xwe ve nav \u00fb deng\u00ea Leyla Qasim nebih\u00eestibe. Bi canfeday\u00ee \u00fb sekna xwe ya qehreman\u00ee di dil\u00ea tevah\u00ee gel\u00ea kurd de cih\u00ea xwe girtiye. Gel\u00ea kurd bi berxwedaniya w\u00ea ew qas serbilind e ku nav\u00ea w\u00ea li ke\u00e7\u00ean xwe y\u00ean n\u00fb t\u00ean dinyay\u00ea dikin. Her ke\u00e7a ku nav\u00ea w\u00ea digire bi giyana xwe Leyla Qasim nemir dike \u00fb digih\u00eene p\u00ea\u015feroj\u00ea.<\/p>\n Leyla Qasim li gundek\u00ee Xaneq\u00een\u00ea weke zarokeke malbateke welatpar\u00eaz t\u00ea din\u00ea. H\u00ea ji zaroktiya w\u00ea ve hest\u00ean welatpar\u00eaziy\u00ea di dil \u00fb m\u00eajiy\u00ea v\u00ea ke\u00e7a kurd de c\u00ee digirin. Ji ber sedem\u00ean feq\u00eeriy\u00ea pi\u015ft\u00ee ku ko\u00e7\u00ee Xaneq\u00een\u00ea dikin Leyla li v\u00ea der\u00ea perwerdeya dibistan\u00ea berdewam dike. Li dibistan\u00ea, berevajiy\u00ea zan\u00een\u00ean ji aliy\u00ea rej\u00eem\u00ea t\u00ean h\u00eenkirin hest\u00ean w\u00ea y\u00ean welatpar\u00eaziy\u00ea k\u00fbrtir dibin.<\/p>\n Tev\u00ee ku ji p\u00eancan yek\u00ea nif\u00fbsa dewleta Iraq\u00ea kurd in j\u00ee ji ber netewparestiya ereb, pol\u00eet\u00eekayeke tune hesibandin\u00ea li ser gel\u00ea kurd t\u00ea me\u015fandin. Di 17’\u00ea t\u00eermeha 1968’an de s\u00fbbay\u00ean BAAS’\u00ea bi derbeyek\u00ea r\u00eaveberiya wel\u00eat digirin bin dest\u00ea xwe. Leyla Qasim di 1971’\u00ea de li Zankoya Bexday\u00ea be\u015fa sosyolojiy\u00ea dixw\u00eene. Bexda ji ber ku navenda rej\u00eema BAAS’\u00ea ye p\u00eakutiya li ser xwendekar\u00ean kurd j\u00ee gih\u00ee\u015ftiye l\u00fbtkey\u00ea, asteke bilind. Di wan salan de Leyla Yek\u00eetiya Xwendevan\u00ean Kurdistan\u00ea nas dike \u00fb bi r\u00eaya v\u00ea r\u00eaxistin\u00ea \u00e7alak tevl\u00ee t\u00eako\u015f\u00een\u00ea dibe. Pi\u015ft\u00ee demeke kin j\u00ee dibe p\u00ea\u015fmerge \u00fb bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee r\u00eaya azadiy\u00ea berdewam dike. Bi taybet\u00ee gir\u00eengiy\u00ea dide ser r\u00eaxistinb\u00fbna bajaran \u00fb t\u00eako\u015f\u00eena di van deran de b\u00ean me\u015fandin.<\/p>\n Di wan salan de peymana otonomiy\u00ea t\u00ea \u00e7\u00eakirin, l\u00ea h\u00ea 4 sal di ser re derbas nabe di 1974’an de peyman t\u00ea xerakirin. Li ser kurdan \u00ear\u00ee\u015f\u00ean xedar dest p\u00ea dikin. Bajar\u00ean kurdan t\u00ean bombebarankirin, xwendekar\u00ean kurd t\u00ean qetilkirin, girtin \u00fb \u00ee\u015fkence b\u00ea hed \u00fb hesab in. Leyla Qasim tu car ev zilma li ser gel\u00ea w\u00ea t\u00ea me\u015fandin qeb\u00fbl nake. Li hember v\u00ea zilm \u00fb zordariy\u00ea bi heval\u00ean xwe re biryar digirin ku \u00ead\u00ee li \u00e7iyayan xwe bir\u00eaxistin bikin \u00fb bi v\u00ee reng\u00ee derbey\u00ea li rej\u00eem\u00ea bixin.<\/p>\n Rej\u00eema BAAS’\u00ea, di 28’\u00ea n\u00eesana 1974’an de tev\u00ee Ner\u00eeman Fuad \u00fb s\u00ea heval\u00ean wan \u00ean xort Leyla Qasim digire. Di raya gi\u015ft\u00ee de wan weke teror\u00eest didin n\u00ee\u015fandan. \u00ce\u015fkencey\u00ean giran li wan dikin. Armanca wan ne ten\u00ea b\u00eabandorkirin an j\u00ee ku\u015ftina van ciwanan e. Dixwazin di \u015fexs\u00ea wan de, bi taybet\u00ee di jinan de \u00e7ir\u00fbska agir\u00ea azadiy\u00ea h\u00ea tam p\u00ea neketiye vemir\u00eenin. Wan ji r\u00eaya wan biz\u00eevir\u00eenin.<\/p>\n Leyla Qasim bi awir\u00ean xwe y\u00ean t\u00fbj, w\u00earek, \u00ean k\u00ealiyek j\u00ee armanca xwe taw\u00eez neday\u00ee, li ser dijmin tirseke mezin daye \u00e7\u00eakirin. Dijmin\u00ea har, bi v\u00ea tirs\u00ea \u00ee\u015fkencey\u00ean xedar li bedena w\u00ea dikin, dixwazin w\u00ea radest bigirin \u00fb di \u015fexs\u00ea w\u00ea de \u015fiyarb\u00fbna jina kurd asteng bikin. L\u00ea tu car nikarin ne bedena w\u00ea ne j\u00ee ruh\u00ea w\u00ea y\u00ea serhild\u00ear, berxwed\u00ear bandor bikin \u00fb radest bikin. \u00c7iqas \u00ee\u015fkence l\u00ea bikin j\u00ee nikarin gotinek j\u00ee ji dev\u00ea w\u00ea bigirin. Bi mirina xwe nirx\u00ean gel\u00ea xwe dipar\u00eaze.<\/p>\n Ev gotin\u00ean w\u00ea y\u00ean di dadgeh\u00ea de got\u00ee w\u00ea di d\u00eeroka berxwedana jina kurd de cih\u00ea xwe bigirin; “Min bikujin, l\u00ea v\u00ea rastiy\u00ea j\u00ee bizanibin ku bi hezaran kurd hene ji xewa mirin\u00ea \u015fiyarb\u00fby\u00ee. Ez k\u00eafxwe\u015f \u00fb serbilind im ku min xwe ji bo azadiya Kurdistan\u00ea feda kir.” D\u00eesa dema ji w\u00ea dixwazin po\u015fman bibe \u00fb ef\u00fby\u00ea ji wan bixwaze bersiva w\u00ea kevne\u015fopiya berxwedana jina kurd t\u00eene ziman; “Ger ez ji jiyana kar\u00ean v\u00ea dinyay\u00ea po\u015fman bibim, ew j\u00ee w\u00ea po\u015fmaniyek be ku min demeke dir\u00eaj ji bo gel\u00ea xwe t\u00eako\u015f\u00een nedaye \u00fb z\u00fb \u015feh\u00eed dikevim. Ger l\u00eabor\u00eenek bixwazim ew j\u00ee ji gel\u00ea kurd e, ji ber ku t\u00eara xwe ji bo gel\u00ea xwe nexebit\u00eem!”<\/p>\n \n Ew dijmin\u00ea nikar\u00ee v\u00ea jina qehreman ji r\u00eaya azadiy\u00ea bidin vegerandin di 12’\u00ea gulana 1974’an de bi heval\u00ean w\u00ea re wan darve dikin. Sekna w\u00ea dibe sedem ku berxwedan\u00ee di jina kurd de bibe berdewama kevne\u015fopiyek\u00ea.<\/p>\n \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Sema Del\u00eel AMED Beriya serdema Ronesans\u00ea li Ewr\u00fbpay\u00ea civak di serdemeke feodaltiy\u00ea de derbas dib\u00fb. Xerab\u00fbna civak\u00ea gih\u00ee\u015ftiye asteke bilind; diz\u00ee, talan, nexwe\u015f\u00ee, mirin, nezan\u00ee, feq\u00eer\u00ee \u00fb hwd. b\u00fbne par\u00e7ey\u00ean jiyana rojane. Komun\u00ean gel \u00ean hey\u00ee j\u00ee hatib\u00fbn belavkirin, ji aliy\u00ea derebeg\u00ean feodal ve ax\u00ean \u00e7andiniy\u00ea bi \u015fer \u00fb pev\u00e7\u00fbnan dihatin girtin, desteserkirin. Xiristiyant\u00ee ji […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":558,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-557","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-jin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/557","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=557"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/557\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":559,"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/557\/revisions\/559"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/558"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=557"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=557"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=557"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}