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Abdullah OCALAN<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \n Tevger\u00ean civak\u00ee b\u00fbyer\u00ean bi b\u00eereweriy\u00ea re p\u00eawend\u00eedar in. Tevger\u00ean xweber bi xwe j\u00ee b\u00eerbirineke pa\u015fvemay\u00ee nebin, p\u00eakan n\u00eene p\u00eak b\u00ean. Keng\u00ee mijar dibe civak, b\u00eerbirin \u00fb objekt\u00eev\u00eete b\u00eahtir xweser dibin. Di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyeke gerd\u00fbn\u00ee de ya tevger\u00ea mumk\u00een dike, heb\u00fbna em j\u00eare dib\u00eajin enerj\u00ee ye ku bi awayek\u00ee diyalekt\u00eek\u00ee ji rew\u015fek\u00ea vediguhere rew\u015feke din. Enerj\u00ee bi xwe m\u00fbammayek e, ango rew\u015fek e ku h\u00ea diyar neb\u00fbye; l\u00ea em p\u00ea dizanin ku bi veguher\u00een\u00ea tevger\u00ea, ya rast\u00ee p\u00eakhatin\u00ea p\u00eak t\u00eene. D\u00eesa em dizanin ku b\u00eay\u00ee zeman \u00fb mekan tevger nikare bibe. M\u00fbammaya j\u00eare enerj\u00ee t\u00ea gotin, keng\u00ee di nava dem\u00ea de bi lez dibe, di nava mekan de ji qonaxan dibihure, tevger p\u00eak t\u00ea. Ev j\u00ee t\u00ea maneya p\u00eakhatin \u00fb hey\u00een\u00ea. Dema ku em b\u00fbyer\u00ean ji teq\u00eena mezin a p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee (big bang) ya t\u00ea \u00eedeakirin p\u00eak hatiye, heta bi civaka mirov\u00ee \u015f\u00eerove bikin, em \u00ea bib\u00eenin ku y\u00ean t\u00eane ziman ji rew\u015f\u00ean cuda y\u00ean enerjiy\u00ea b\u00eahtir ti\u015ftek\u00ee din n\u00eenin. Gerd\u00fbn xwe bi xwe bi r\u00eaya enerj\u00eek ava dike. Ji fiz\u00eek\u00ea heta biyolojiy\u00ea zanistan di v\u00ea mijar\u00ea de danas\u00een\u00ean gir\u00eeng \u00ean zanist\u00ee kirine, bi p\u00ea\u015f xistine. Enerj\u00ee vediguhere maddey\u00ea. T\u00eakiliya van xus\u00fbs\u00ean ku em behsa wan dikin hem\u00fbyan bi v\u00ea veguher\u00een\u00ea re hene. Ji bo zanist mumk\u00een bibe, bi k\u00eaman\u00ee bi z\u00eahniyet \u00fb r\u00eabaza Rojavay\u00ee, div\u00ea obje \u00fb s\u00fbbje ji hev b\u00eane cih\u00eakirin. S\u00eestema \u015faristaniya Rojava bi xwe ji n\u00eaz ve t\u00eakiliya xwe bi p\u00ea\u015fketin\u00ean zanist\u00ee y\u00ean xwe disip\u00earin cih\u00eakirina obje \u00fb s\u00fbbjey\u00ea hene. D\u00eeroka modern\u00eeteya kap\u00eetal\u00eest xwe sipartiye r\u00eabaz\u00ean zanist\u00ee \u00fb z\u00eahniyeta w\u00ea ya cih\u00eakirina obje-s\u00fbbjey\u00ea \u00fb ev weke ji sed\u00ee sed r\u00eayeke heq\u00eeqet\u00ea qeb\u00fbl kiriye \u00fb xwe p\u00ea kiriye h\u00eaza hegemon\u00eek. Eger modern\u00eeteya kap\u00eetal\u00eest h\u00fbr\u00fbk\u00fbr li ser jihevcih\u00eakirina obje-s\u00fbbjey\u00ea weke b\u00eerbirin \u00fb p\u00eakan\u00een\u00ea nesekine, nikare hegemonya modern\u00eeteya kap\u00eetal\u00eest p\u00eak b\u00eene. Lewma gelek\u00ee gir\u00eeng e ku mirov tevger\u00ean pi\u015fta xwe didin jihevcih\u00eakirina obje-s\u00fbbjey\u00ea bixe ber l\u00eakol\u00een\u00ea.<\/span><\/p>\n Civak\u00ean dema neol\u00eet\u00eek\u00ea \u00fb y\u00ean beriya w\u00ea, pirsgir\u00eakeke wan a obje-s\u00fbbjey\u00ea tineye. H\u00eem\u00ea v\u00ea cih\u00eab\u00fbn\u00ea bi p\u00ea\u015fde\u00e7\u00fbna \u015faristaniya bajar\u00ee, \u00e7\u00een\u00ee \u00fb dewletdar\u00ee hatiye dan\u00een. Em dizanin ku rahib\u00ean \u015faristaniya Sumer\u00ea ku \u015faristaniya p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee ye, di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya xweda \u00fb evd\u00ean wan de cara p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee obje \u00fb s\u00fbbje ji hev cih\u00ea kirine. Bi xwe t\u00eag\u00een\u00ean xweda \u00fb evd xwe disip\u00earin hukm\u00ea baj\u00ear li ser gund, hukm\u00ea \u00e7\u00eena jor li ser a j\u00ear, hukm\u00ea dewlet\u00ea li ser civak\u00ea \u00fb li ser yekdestdariy\u00ea p\u00eak t\u00eene \u00fb nirx\u00ea z\u00eade desteser dike. \u015e\u00eawey\u00ea m\u00eetoloj\u00eek \u00ea destp\u00eak\u00ea y\u00ea cih\u00eakirina obje \u00fb s\u00fbbje ye. Di v\u00ea rew\u015f\u00ea de m\u00eetoloj\u00ee dibe \u015f\u00eawey\u00ea p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee y\u00ea zanist an j\u00ee b\u00eerbirin\u00ea y\u00ea xwe disip\u00eare cih\u00eakirina obje \u00fb s\u00fbbjey\u00ea. Di \u00e7anda Rojhilata Nav\u00een de \u015f\u00eawey\u00ea b\u00eerbirin\u00ea y\u00ea r\u00ea\u00fbresma p\u00eaxembertiy\u00ea ku weke reaksiyoneke li dij\u00ee m\u00eetolojiya Sumer \u00fb Misr\u00ea derket hol\u00ea, t\u00eag\u00een\u00ean evd \u00fb xwed\u00ea, cih\u00eakirina obje \u00fb s\u00fbbjey\u00ea b\u00eahtir p\u00ea\u015fde birin. Li vir xwed\u00ea kirdar \u00fb evd j\u00ee obje ye. L\u00ea ji m\u00eetolojiy\u00ea cudatir evd\u00eet\u00ee hinek\u00ee hatiye nermkirin; hindik be j\u00ee derfeta tevger\u00ea dane mirov\u00ea kole ye.<\/span><\/p>\n R\u00ea\u00fbresma Zerde\u015ft li ber evd\u00eetiy\u00ea ser\u00ee radike, t\u00eag\u00eena xwed\u00ea dixe ber l\u00eapirs\u00een\u00ea \u00fb hewl dide cih\u00eakirina hi\u015fk a obje \u00fb s\u00fbbje bi daw\u00ee bike. Bi s\u00eenor be j\u00ee hinek\u00ee xwe n\u00eaz\u00ee t\u00eag\u00eena mirov\u00ea azad dike. Li vir, mirov b\u00eay\u00ee ku hewcedar\u00ee xwed\u00ea bibe, bi exlaq\u00ea azadiy\u00ea dikare tevbigere. R\u00ea\u00fbresma Zerde\u015ftiy\u00ea di \u00e7anda \u00ceon de t\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fdebirin \u00fb bi v\u00ee away\u00ee \u00e7anda felsefeya serbixwe p\u00eak t\u00ea. Mirov bi xwe dibe kirdar \u00fb xwezay\u00ea weke obje n\u00ee\u015fan didin. Li \u015f\u00fbna xweda-evd obje-s\u00fbbje, dual\u00eeteya kirdar mirov-ojbe xweza t\u00ea dan\u00een. Di serdema nav\u00een de d\u00eesa li dual\u00eeteya xweda-evd obje-s\u00fbbjey\u00ea vedigerin \u00fb felsefeya v\u00ea t\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fdebirin. Di Xiristiyant\u00ee \u00fb \u00ceslamiyet\u00ea de dual\u00eeteya xweda-evd bi awayek\u00ee d\u00een\u00ea felsef\u00ee t\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015fkirin.<\/span><\/p>\n Li Ewr\u00fbpaya Rojava cih\u00eakirina obje-s\u00fbbjey\u00ea (Descartes, Spinoza) hat p\u00ea\u015fdebirin. Li vir b\u00fbyer ev e, bi awayek\u00ee rew\u015fa n\u00eev\u00e7emay\u00ee ya obje-s\u00fbbjey\u00ea di serdema destp\u00eak\u00ea \u00fb nav\u00een de t\u00ea temamkirin \u00fb her\u00ee z\u00eade t\u00ea bi h\u00eazkirin. Hers\u00ea rew\u015f\u00ean xwezay\u00ea fiz\u00eek, biyoloj\u00ee \u00fb civak\u00ea dikin obje, mirov dixin \u015f\u00fbna xwed\u00ea \u00fb bi v\u00ee away\u00ee mirov dikin kirdarek\u00ee temam. Ev \u015fore\u015fa z\u00eahniyet\u00ea p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee li modern\u00eeteya demokrat\u00eek vedike \u00fb w\u00ea rewa dike. S\u00fbbjekt\u00eev\u00eeteya mutleq a mirov \u00fb objekt\u00eev\u00eeteya mutleq a xwezay\u00ea r\u00ea dide s\u00eestema kap\u00eetal\u00eezm\u00ea da ku bibe hegemon. Di ti serdema \u015faristaniy\u00ea de ji kap\u00eetal\u00eezm\u00ea re bi v\u00ee away\u00ee r\u00ea \u00fb \u015fens nehatiye day\u00een \u00fb ev j\u00ee bi t\u00eakiliya wekhevkirin\u00ea ya di navbera s\u00fbbjekt\u00eev\u00eeteya mutleq a mirov \u00fb objekt\u00eev\u00eeteya mutleq a xwezay\u00ea de p\u00eak t\u00ea. Di v\u00ea dual\u00eetey\u00ea de mirov bi temam\u00ee bi rola xwed\u00ea radibe. Xweza j\u00ee bi hers\u00ea \u015f\u00eaweyan j\u00ee bi temam\u00ee di xizmeta mirov-xwed\u00ea de obje ye. B\u00eaguman kirdar\u00ea mutleq di dawiy\u00ea de dewleta netewe ye ku di asta her\u00ee jor de yek\u00eetiya s\u00ea h\u00eaman\u00ean bingeh\u00een \u00ean modern\u00eeteya kap\u00eetal\u00eest \u00eefade dike. Bi felsefeya Hegel mirov\u00ea kirdar derdikeve asta her\u00ee jor \u00fb keng\u00ee bi dewleta netewe li \u015f\u00fbna xwed\u00ea t\u00ea dan\u00een p\u00eavajoya xwe temam dike. Serhatiya ruh\u00ea mutleq bi mirov\u00ea her\u00ee azad \u00ea b\u00eerbir \u00ea dewleta netewe weke xwedatiya n\u00fb temam dibe. Keng\u00ee dewleta netewe bi tevahiya aliy\u00ean xwe y\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee \u00fb civak\u00ee hat anal\u00eezkirin w\u00ea b\u00ea d\u00eetin ku xwedatiya her\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fdebir\u00ee ye, \u00fb welat\u00ee j\u00ee evd\u00ea w\u00ea y\u00ea her\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fdebir\u00ee ye. Ya rast\u00ee, di d\u00eeroka \u015faristaniy\u00ea de rew\u015fa kirdarb\u00fbn\u00ea ya \u00eedeolojiy\u00ean xwedatiy\u00ea, di dewleta netewe de xwedatiya her\u00ee bi h\u00eazkir\u00ee \u00eefade dike, \u00eedeolojiya evd\u00eetiya objetiy\u00ea j\u00ee bi evd\u00eetiya welat\u00ee xwe \u00eefade dike.<\/span><\/p>\n Xwedatiya dewleta netewe di dema \u015eer\u00ea C\u00eehan\u00ea Y\u00ea Duyem\u00een de bi \u015fexs\u00ea H\u00eetler tems\u00eela xwe ya xwedatiy\u00ea kir \u00fb pi\u015ftre j\u00ee ji ku\u015ftina z\u00eadetir\u00ee p\u00eanc\u00ee m\u00eelyon mirov\u00ee berpirsiyar hat d\u00eetin \u00fb xistin ber l\u00eapirs\u00een\u00ea. Ya rast\u00ee, di dema mezinb\u00fbna w\u00ee de hin f\u00eelozof\u00ean m\u00eena Nietzsche ew bi tehl\u00fbke d\u00eetib\u00fbn \u00fb rexne l\u00ea girtib\u00fbn. Di duyem\u00een n\u00eev\u00ea sedsala 20. de maskeya w\u00ee ketib\u00fb xwar\u00ea \u00fb bi v\u00ee away\u00ee derketib\u00fb hol\u00ea ku xweday\u00ea her\u00ee kujer e. Jihevderxistina w\u00ee \u00fb jihevdeketina w\u00ee bi hev re me\u015fiyan. Di sal\u00ean 1970’\u00ee de dewleta netewe ya di dema xwe ya her\u00ee xwe\u015f de b\u00fb dest p\u00ea kir ji hev de ket \u00fb ev j\u00ee v\u00ea rastiy\u00ea \u00eefade dike. Lewma ling\u00ea distan\u00ea y\u00ea her\u00ee bi h\u00eaz \u00ea modern\u00eeteya kap\u00eetal\u00eest \u00e7iqas\u00ee ji hev de ket ewqas\u00ee j\u00ee biv\u00eanev\u00ea s\u00eestem ji hev de ket. Pi\u015ft\u00ee sal\u00ean 1970’\u00ee her\u00ee daw\u00ee xwe av\u00eat bext\u00ea xwedatiya perey\u00ea Serdema Kap\u00eetala F\u00eenans\u00ea, l\u00ea ev yek dihat w\u00ea maney\u00ea ku jihevdeketin bi leztir dibe. Weke xweday\u00ea \u015fer maskeya w\u00ee \u00e7iqas\u00ee dihat xwar\u00ea, b\u00eahtir e\u015fkere dib\u00fb ku weke xweday\u00ea pereyan xwedatiya w\u00ee \u00e7iqas\u00ee kir\u00eat e, dijmin\u00ea mirov \u00fb xwezay\u00ea ye. Ew h\u00eazek e ku pi\u015ftrast b\u00fbye, bi r\u00eabaz\u00ean feraz\u00ee \u015felandin\u00ean di d\u00eerok\u00ea de ned\u00eet\u00ee dike, civak\u00ea hildiwe\u015f\u00eene \u00fb talana haw\u00eerdor\u00ea ya xweber p\u00eak t\u00eene. B\u00fbye h\u00eaza feraz\u00ee \u00fb div\u00ea ev weke xulaseyeke st\u00fbr a d\u00eeroka \u015faristaniy\u00ea were \u015f\u00eerovekirin. Bi tevah\u00ee xwedatiy\u00ean bi maske de\u015f\u00eefre dibin, karekter\u00ean wan \u00ean rast\u00ee li naverast\u00ea li p\u00ea\u015f \u00e7avan t\u00eane raxistin.<\/span><\/p>\n Qada ku ev xwedatiya \u015faristaniy\u00ea l\u00ea meyiyaye q\u00fbntar \u00fb ser\u00ea r\u00eaze\u00e7iyay\u00ean Toros-Zagros\u00ea ye. Di nava civaka neol\u00eet\u00eek de, l\u00ea bi awayek\u00ee m\u00eena “kurm\u00ea ji dar\u00ea” dar dixwar \u00fb p\u00ea\u00a0\u00a0\u00e7\u00eadib\u00fb. R\u00eaxistina bajar, \u00e7\u00een \u00fb dewleta li de\u015ft\u00ean Mezopotmayay\u00ea serdema w\u00ea ya rast\u00ee ya ciwan\u00ee \u00fb gihi\u015ftin\u00ea b\u00fb. \u015earistaniya Ewr\u00fbpaya Rojava j\u00ee serdema w\u00ea ya yextiyar\u00ee \u00fb mirin\u00ea b\u00fb.<\/span><\/p>\n Weke welat Kurdistan \u00fb weke civak j\u00ee Kurd, ji v\u00ea xwedatiya di serdema mirin\u00ea de ku ji nava erd \u00fb civaka wan derket \u00fb p\u00ea\u015fde\u00e7\u00fb, ezabek\u00ee her\u00ee bi qehr \u00fb \u00ea\u015f diki\u015f\u00eenin. Keng\u00ee mirov h\u00eaman\u00ean modern\u00eeteya kap\u00eetal\u00eest weke rew\u015f\u00ean yextiyar\u00ee \u00fb mirin\u00ea y\u00ea xweday\u00ea \u015faristaniy\u00ea \u015f\u00eerove bike, w\u00ea rast\u00ee b\u00eahtir berbi\u00e7av bibe. Di rastiya modern\u00eeteya kap\u00eetal\u00eest a weke s\u00fbbjekt\u00eev\u00eete \u00fb rastiya Kurd \u00fb Kurdistan\u00ea weke objekt\u00eev\u00eete de, gewixandineke li ti devera dinyay\u00ea nehatiye d\u00eetin p\u00eak t\u00ea. \u00c7awa ku di gelek \u015fore\u015f\u00ean mezin de hatiye d\u00eetin, m\u00eena ku tevahiya d\u00eerok\u00ea careke din vejiyaye, bi huner\u00ean xwe hem\u00fbyan \u015fer dike. Bi v\u00ee \u015fer\u00ee re ya hildiwe\u015fe \u00fb ji hev de dikeve bi ten\u00ea dewleta netewe, qan\u00fbna kara her\u00ee z\u00eade, s\u00ealing\u00ean distan\u00ea \u00eendustriyal\u00eezm \u00fb “s\u00eala sor” n\u00eene; cih\u00eakirina obje-s\u00fbbje j\u00ee hildiwe\u015fe. Ev par\u00e7eb\u00fbna t\u00eag\u00een\u00ea xulaseya xulase ya \u015fore\u015f\u00ea ye. Keng\u00ee ev t\u00eag\u00een ji hol\u00ea rabe \u015fore\u015f \u00ea p\u00eak b\u00ea. Mezinb\u00fbn, hi\u015fkb\u00fbn (dogmat\u00eekb\u00fbn) \u00fb jihevdeketina \u00eedeolojiya obje-s\u00fbbje, bi k\u00eaman\u00ee ji bo s\u00eestemeke m\u00eatinkar \u00fb xw\u00eenrij a temen\u00ea w\u00ea ji p\u00eanc hezar salan b\u00eahtir e, p\u00eak hat. Ev s\u00eestem li ser d\u00eeroka mirovatiy\u00ea bi temam\u00ee bi rola kab\u00fbs\u00ea rab\u00fb. Mirovat\u00ee ji v\u00ea kab\u00fbs\u00ea hino hino n\u00fb hi\u015fyar dibe. Weke mirov \u00fb welat\u00ea azad tevgera hi\u015fyarb\u00fbna Kurd \u00fb Kurdistan\u00ea h\u00eaviy\u00ea dide.<\/span><\/p>\n Or\u00eej\u00een\u00ean Kurd \u00ean \u015fore\u015fa neol\u00eet\u00eek\u00ea li q\u00fbntar \u00fb r\u00eaze\u00e7iyay\u00ean Toros-Zagros\u00ea\u00a0<\/span>p\u00eak an\u00een, cih\u00eakirina obje-s\u00fbbjey\u00ea nas nedikirin; cih\u00eakirina kirdar-mirov \u00fb obje-xweza j\u00ee li cem wan tineb\u00fb. Jiyan bi heybet b\u00fb, weke m\u00fbc\u00eezeyeke bi co\u015f \u00fb bo\u015f manedar p\u00eak dihat. Jiyan bi xwe weke serhatiyeke tij\u00ee m\u00fbc\u00eeze diherik\u00ee. Ango di v\u00ea dem\u00ea de mirovat\u00ee bi away\u00ea qeb\u00eeleyan civak\u00ee dibe \u00fb bi awayek\u00ee azad tevger her ti\u015ft b\u00fb. Bi ten\u00ea tevger heb\u00fb, ew j\u00ee bi awayek\u00ee azad \u00fb serxwe\u015fker b\u00fb. Jiyan li dora jina dayik bi r\u00eaxistin dib\u00fb. Ango m\u00fbc\u00eeze dib\u00fbn mal\u00ea jina dayik; di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de xwe digihandin xwedawendiy\u00ea. Bi h\u00eaza \u00e7or a mil \u00fb destan xwe nedigihandin r\u00fbmetbilindiya xwedawend\u00eetiy\u00ea, qedirbilindiyeke z\u00eahn\u00ee b\u00fb ku bi p\u00eakan\u00eena jiyan\u00ea \u00fb xwed\u00eederketina li w\u00ea p\u00eak dihat. Civaka neol\u00eet\u00eek bi dest, dil \u00fb z\u00eahn\u00ea jina dayik p\u00eak dihat. Li ser tevahiya ved\u00eetin \u00fb ke\u015ff\u00ean bi cotkar\u00ee \u00fb heywan xwed\u00eekirin\u00ea re t\u00eakildar mohra w\u00ea heb\u00fb. Bi dereng\u00ee be j\u00ee xwedawenda bajar\u00ea p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee \u00dbr\u00fbk\u00ea \u00cenannay\u00ea li dij\u00ee m\u00ear\u00ea desteserkar \u00fb xas\u00fbk Xweda Enk\u00ee \u015fer dike bi sedema ku “104 ved\u00eetin\u00ean w\u00ea” diz\u00eene, \u00fb destana p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee v\u00ea rastiy\u00ea \u00eefade dike. Tev\u00ee ku bajarb\u00fbna p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee ye, xwedawendek h\u00ea baj\u00ear r\u00eave dibe \u00fb li dij\u00ee xwedatiya m\u00ear t\u00eadiko\u015fe. B\u00eaguman ev gelek\u00ee manedar e. H\u00eaza \u00e7anda civak\u00ee ya jina dayik, tevgera w\u00ea \u00fb berxwedana w\u00ea li dij\u00ee \u015faristaniy\u00ea t\u00eene ziman. Gelek\u00ee zehmet e ku mirov \u00e7anda jina dayik bi z\u00eahniyeta roja me ya \u00eero ya \u015faristaniya m\u00ear\u00ea serwer \u015f\u00eerove bike. Ev \u00e7and rastiyek e ku bi hezar\u00ea salan dewam kiriye. S\u00eestema \u015faristaniya navend\u00ee ya ji p\u00eanc hezar sal\u00ee z\u00eadetir dom kiriye, tim\u00ee weke s\u00eestemeke serwer a m\u00ear p\u00ea\u015fde \u00e7\u00fb \u00fb ev v\u00ea rastiy\u00ea \u00eespat dike. \u00c7awa ku di xwezay\u00ea de dibe, di civak\u00ea de j\u00ee her ti\u015ft bi dijber\u00ea xwe p\u00ea\u015fde di\u00e7e. Li gor\u00ee v\u00ea yek\u00ea, p\u00ea\u015fde\u00e7\u00fbna s\u00eestema \u015faristaniy\u00ea bi serweriya m\u00ear bi ten\u00ea bi heb\u00fbna s\u00eestema jina dayik a xwed\u00ee erk ti\u015ftek\u00ee \u00eefade dike.<\/span><\/p>\n Me destn\u00ee\u015fankirib\u00fb ku dual\u00eeteya s\u00fbbje-obje p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee di dema civaka Sumer de diyar b\u00fbye. Ji aliy\u00ea or\u00eej\u00een\u00ean Kurdan ve, maneya v\u00ea rastiy\u00ea \u015ferek\u00ee d\u00fbvdir\u00eaj e, bi civaka qeb\u00eeley\u00ea re ya ku bi erka dayik\u00ea radibe. Bi rast\u00ee, tevahiya \u015faristaniya Sumer\u00ea, kom\u00ean qeb\u00eeleyan \u00ean li r\u00eaze\u00e7iyay\u00ean Toros-Zagrosan xwed\u00ee jiyaneke neol\u00eet\u00eek b\u00fbn, tim\u00ee li dij\u00ee v\u00ea \u015faristaniy\u00ea di nava liv \u00fb tevger\u00ea de b\u00fbn. \u00c7awa ku sosyolojiya Rojava \u00eedd\u00eea dike, qeb\u00eele bi ten\u00ea yek\u00eetiyeke li ser xw\u00een \u00fb xizimtiy\u00ea ava neb\u00fbye, komek e ku li dij\u00ee \u015faristaniy\u00ea xwe disip\u00eare xweparastin, hilberandin \u00fb xwez\u00eadekirin\u00ea. Ev p\u00eavajoya di sal\u00ean 5000-4000’\u00ee B.Z. de dest p\u00ea kir heta roja me ya \u00eero dewam kir. Tev\u00ee ku h\u00eaz\u00ean hiyerar\u015f\u00eek \u00fb h\u00eaz\u00ean bi \u015faristaniy\u00ea re hevkar\u00ee kirin ji nava w\u00ea derketin j\u00ee kom\u00ean qeb\u00eeleyan bi awayek\u00ee bingeh\u00een karekter\u00ea xwe parastin. Ango qeb\u00eele di war\u00ea xweparastin, hilber\u00een \u00fb xwez\u00eadekirin\u00ea de kom\u00ean civakan \u00ean her\u00ee k\u00earhat\u00ee ne. Di tevger \u00fb b\u00eereweriya qeb\u00eeley\u00ea de ji cih\u00eakirina obje-s\u00fbbjey\u00ea w\u00eadetir tevger \u00fb b\u00eereweriya komin\u00ee ya ji r\u00ea\u00fbresm\u00ea giraniya xwe heye. Tev\u00ee p\u00eangav\u00ean \u015faristaniyan \u00ean li ber ser\u00ea wan, qeb\u00eeleyan ev tevger \u00fb b\u00eerbirin\u00ean xwe y\u00ean kolekt\u00eef parastine \u00fb p\u00ea\u015fde birine.<\/span><\/p>\n Hiyerar\u015f\u00ee \u00fb hevkartiya bi \u015faristaniy\u00ea re \u00e7iqas\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fde \u00e7\u00fb, \u00e7anda qeb\u00eeley\u00ea ji hev par\u00e7e b\u00fb, di nava tevger \u00fb b\u00eerbirina qeb\u00eeley\u00ea de biv\u00eanev\u00ea cih\u00eab\u00fbna obje-s\u00fbbjey\u00ea p\u00eak hat. Li dij\u00ee v\u00ea tevgera b\u00eerbirin\u00ea ku hegemonya \u00eedeoloj\u00eek a Sumer n\u00ee\u015fan dide, tev\u00ee \u00e7anda dayika xwendawend a ji r\u00ea\u00fbresm\u00ea (\u00c7anda Xwedawend Star\u00ea) tevgera baweriy\u00ea ya n\u00fbjenxwaz a Mazday\u00ea bi p\u00ea\u015f ket. S\u00eestema baweriy\u00ea ya Mazda\u00eek xwe disip\u00eare dual\u00eeteya h\u00eaz\u00ean ronah\u00ee \u00fb tariy\u00ea. Ew bi xwe digih\u00eeje dual\u00eeteya diyalekt\u00eek\u00ea. N\u00ee\u015fan dide ku b\u00eerewer\u00ee \u00e7\u00eab\u00fbye di biwara tevgera diyalekt\u00eek tez-ant\u00eetez\u00ea de ya ku ji bo b\u00fby\u00een\u00ea hewce ye. Bi v\u00ee aliy\u00ea xwe, tevgerek e ku ji dual\u00eeteya xweday\u00ea afir\u00eener \u00fb evd\u00ea afirand\u00ee ya ved\u00eetineke \u00e7or a m\u00eetolojiya Sumer e, gelek\u00ee li p\u00ea\u015ftir e. Baweriya Mazda\u00eek bi xwe diyalekt\u00eeka gerd\u00fbn\u00ee dike bingeh\u00ea xwe. Bi \u00eedeolojiya xweday\u00ea afir\u00eener \u00fb evd\u00ea afirand\u00ee evd-obje rastiya gerd\u00fbn\u00ee \u00eefade nake \u00fb ji v\u00ea j\u00ee w\u00eadetir di b\u00eereweriya mirov de r\u00ea li ber berevaj\u00eekirinek\u00ea vekir ku sererastkirina w\u00ea gelek\u00ee zor e. Ev tevgera b\u00eerbirin\u00ea ya mohra xwe li tevahiya d\u00eenan, nexasim j\u00ee li d\u00een\u00ean yekxweday\u00ee xistiye, bingeh\u00ea tevger\u00ean z\u00eahniyet\u00ea y\u00ean xwe disip\u00earin cih\u00eab\u00fbna obje-s\u00fbbje y\u00ean heta \u00eero hatine, dan\u00eene. Tev\u00ee Taotiya li \u00c7\u00een\u00ea \u00fb hin \u015f\u00eawey\u00ean din \u00ean li Hindistan\u00ea, \u015f\u00eawey\u00ea b\u00eerbirin\u00ea y\u00ea Mazda\u00eek celebek\u00ee cuda y\u00ea z\u00eahniyet\u00ea tems\u00eel dike. Bi v\u00ea z\u00eahniyet\u00ea li \u015f\u00fbna dual\u00eeteya afir\u00eener-afirand\u00ee, li p\u00ea\u015fketina diyalekt\u00eek\u00ee ya xwe bi xwe p\u00eak t\u00eene, der\u00ee vedibe.<\/span><\/p>\n Tevger \u00fb b\u00eereweriya Zerde\u015ft a dewama \u015f\u00eawey\u00ea b\u00eer \u00fb baweriya Mazda\u00eek e, exlaq\u00ea mirov\u00ea azad mumk\u00een dike. Baweriya Zerde\u015ft \u015f\u00eawey\u00ea b\u00eer \u00fb tevgera p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee ye ku xweday\u00ea afir\u00eener xistiye ber l\u00eapirs\u00een\u00ea. Banga “b\u00eaje tu k\u00ee y\u00ee?” ya ji r\u00ea\u00fbresma Zerde\u015ft gihi\u015ftiye \u00eero, cewher\u00ea w\u00ea felsefey\u00ea p\u00eak t\u00eene ku xweday\u00ea afir\u00eener dixe ber l\u00eapirs\u00een\u00ea. \u015earistaniya \u00ceon\u00ea v\u00ea felsefey\u00ea ji Medan digire \u00fb b\u00eahtir p\u00ea\u015fde dibe. Ev felsefe bingeh\u00ea \u015f\u00eawey\u00ea fikr\u00ea y\u00ea mohra xwe li serdema me dixe dat\u00eene. Bi p\u00ea\u015fketina \u015f\u00eawey\u00ea fikr\u00ea y\u00ea diyalekt\u00eek \u00ea ji xwedayan qut \u00fb xwe disip\u00eare h\u00eaza mirov bi xwe, p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee li mirov\u00ea azad dibe vedibe. Medan \u015faristaniya daw\u00ee ya As\u00fbr\u00ea \u015fikandin ku zalim b\u00fb \u00fb bi koka xwe ji \u015faristaniya Sumeran t\u00ea, \u00fb ev gaveke mezin a d\u00eerok\u00ee ye. Medan li derdora s\u00eased sal\u00ee tevgera b\u00eerbirin\u00ea ya pol\u00eet\u00eek \u00fb exlaq\u00ee me\u015fandin \u00fb di \u015fikandina wan a As\u00fbran de ev h\u00eamana bingeh\u00een e. D\u00eesa ev b\u00fbyera d\u00eerok\u00ee ye ku p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee li \u015faristaniya \u00ceon\u00ea vekiriye. Ti\u015ftek\u00ee xweber n\u00eene ku van herdu tevgeran di sal\u00ean 600’\u00ee B.Z. de mohra xwe li d\u00eerok\u00ea daye, eger mirov bi carek\u00ea \u00fb bi hev ve gir\u00eaday\u00ee rah\u00eaje wan, dibe ku mirov bi awayek\u00ee rast li wan serwext bibe. H\u00eaman\u00ean Med-Kurdan di bin serweriya tevger\u00ean \u00cemparatoriya Pers \u00fb Sasaniyan de ketin dereceya duyem\u00een \u00fb bi v\u00ea re tevger\u00ean b\u00eerbirin\u00ea y\u00ean azad derb xwarin. Form\u00ean b\u00eerbirin\u00ea y\u00ean e\u015f\u00eer \u00fb qeb\u00eeley\u00ean destp\u00eak\u00ea j\u00ee xwe guva\u015ftin ser hev. B\u00eer \u00fb baweriya Zerde\u015ft\u00ee \u00e7iqas\u00ee b\u00fb am\u00fbr\u00ea \u00eemparator\u00eeparastin\u00ea, ewqas\u00ee cewher\u00ea xwe y\u00ea azad\u00eexwaziy\u00ea j\u00ee ji dest da \u00fb riziya. Rew\u015fa em qala w\u00ea dikin heta serketina Skender (330 B.Z.) xwe n\u00ee\u015fan daye. Felsefeya \u00ceon a bi Ar\u00eesto her\u00ee z\u00eade hatiye tems\u00eelkirin bi v\u00ea serketin\u00ea diyarker b\u00fbye. Qonaxa \u015faristaniya Helen\u00eest\u00eek a pa\u015f\u00ea p\u00eak hat (300 B.Z.-250 P.Z.), bi forma serket\u00ee ya b\u00eerbirin\u00ea ya felsefeya \u00ceon\u00ea ji n\u00eaz ve t\u00eakildar e. Di v\u00ea qonax\u00ea de cara p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee senteza Rojava-Rojhilat p\u00eak hat. Lewma b\u00eerbirina di v\u00ea qonax\u00ea de mohra xwe li tevahiya \u015f\u00eawey\u00ean fikir \u00fb baweriy\u00ea xist. E\u015fkere ye ku mezinb\u00fbna Romay\u00ea \u00fb kulta \u00eemparatoriy\u00ea li ser \u015fopa v\u00ea fikir \u00fb baweriy\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fde \u00e7\u00fbye \u00fb manedar b\u00fbye.<\/span><\/p>\n Di v\u00ea dem\u00ea de \u015faristaniy\u00ean Komagene (navenda w\u00ea Firata Jor), Abgar (navenda w\u00ea \u00dbrfa \u00fb Firata Nav\u00een) \u00fb Palmyray\u00ea (navenda w\u00ea Palmyra \u00fb Firata J\u00ear) ku ji n\u00eaz ve bi h\u00eaman\u00ean Kurd re di nava t\u00eakiliy\u00ea de ne, heybeteke berbi\u00e7av \u00eefade dikin. Hem li dij\u00ee Romay\u00ea li ber xwe didin, hem j\u00ee bi peyman\u00ean lihevkirin\u00ea y\u00ean serket\u00ee mezinkirina tevger\u00ean b\u00eerbirin\u00ea dewam dikin. Tevgera b\u00eerbirin\u00ea ya Xiristiyan v\u00ea dem\u00ea bi daw\u00ee dike.<\/span><\/p>\n Xiristiyant\u00ee li ser bingeh\u00ea \u00eenkara yekem\u00een felsefeya rohn\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea (felsefeya \u00ceonyay\u00ea) \u00fb ney\u00ean\u00eekirina w\u00ea mezin b\u00fbye. Tevgereke b\u00eerbirin\u00ea ya ney\u00een\u00ee \u00fb nebextewar e; b\u00eerbirina nebextewar a b\u00earehmiy\u00ean serweriya Romay\u00ea r\u00ea li ber vekiriye \u00eefade dike. Tev\u00ee ku ji aliy\u00ea felsefeya rohn\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea ve pa\u015fketineke mezin \u00eefade dike j\u00ee di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveya tevgera kolekt\u00eef a xizanan de j\u00ee t\u00ea menaye p\u00ea\u015fketineke mezin. \u015e\u00eawey\u00ea p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee y\u00ea b\u00eerbirina \u00e7\u00een\u00ee ya z\u00fb p\u00eakhat\u00ee tems\u00eel dike. Ji ber ku di sal\u00ean 300’\u00ee P.Z. de vediguhere \u00eedeolojiya \u00eemparator\u00ee \u00fb begtiy\u00ea, v\u00ea xisleta xwe ji dest dide.<\/span><\/p>\n Pi\u015ft\u00ee Zerde\u015ftiy\u00ea D\u00een\u00ea Man\u00ee weke tevger \u00fb b\u00eerbirina rohn\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea di sal\u00ean 250’\u00ee P.Z. de li dij\u00ee s\u00eestema \u015faristaniya hegemon\u00eek weke neraz\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea derket hol\u00ea \u00fb gelek\u00ee bi tes\u00eer b\u00fbye. Eger ji aliy\u00ea \u00eemparatoriya Sasan\u00ee ve nehatib\u00fbya mehk\u00fbmkirin, belk\u00ee j\u00ee ber\u00ee Ewr\u00fbpay\u00ea li Rojhilata Nav\u00een r\u00ea li ber duyem\u00een tevgera rohn\u00eeb\u00fbn\u00ea vekira. Man\u00ee bi xwe felsefeya \u00ceon, baweriya Xiristiyantiy\u00ea \u00fb r\u00ea\u00fbresma Zerde\u015ftiy\u00ea sentez kir \u00fb bi v\u00ee away\u00ee, reforma her\u00ee mezin a fikir \u00fb baweriya w\u00ea dem\u00ea p\u00eak an\u00ee. Ev tevgera ji perav\u00ean D\u00eecley\u00ea dest p\u00ea kir, di demeke pirr kin de ji Romay\u00ea heta bi Geliy\u00ea \u00cendus belav b\u00fb. L\u00ea ji ber ku r\u00ea\u00fbresma riziyay\u00ee ya \u00eemparatoriya Sasan\u00ee firsend neday\u00ea \u00fb di sala 276’an P.Z. de Man\u00ee gurandin \u00fb darvekirin, ev bext\u00ea d\u00eerok\u00ee re\u015f b\u00fbye. Ya rast\u00ee, cih\u00ea heq kiriye negirtiye \u00fb mohra xwe li dem\u00ea nexistiye.<\/span><\/p>\n Dema ku mirov rahib\u00ean Suryaniyan (bi rahib\u00ean Xiristiyan \u00ean bi koka xwe As\u00fbr) bi Man\u00eegir \u00fb Zerde\u015ftiyan re bide berhev mirov \u00ea bib\u00eene ji wan serket\u00eetir in. Heta tevger \u00fb b\u00eerbirina \u00ceslam\u00ee b\u00ea, tevger \u00fb b\u00eereweriya mohra xwe li her\u00eam\u00ea xistiye, ya rahib\u00ean Suryaniyan e. Ji sal\u00ean 300-600’\u00ee P.Z. ji Deryasp\u00ee heta bi nava Hindistan \u00fb \u00c7\u00een\u00ea tevgereke bi h\u00eaz a b\u00eereweriy\u00ea bi p\u00ea\u015f xistine \u00fb cemaet\u00ean Xiristiyan p\u00eak an\u00eene. B\u00eereweriya Kurd di v\u00ea dem\u00ea de ne bi temam\u00ee ji Zerde\u015ftiy\u00ea qut b\u00fbye, ne j\u00ee bi temam\u00ee D\u00een\u00ea Man\u00ee qeb\u00fbl kiriye, ne j\u00ee p\u00ea\u015feng\u00ean Suryan\u00ee pejirandine. Kurdan forma xwe ya b\u00eereweriy\u00ea ya p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee \u00fb marj\u00eenal parastiye. \u00cedeolojiya qeb\u00eeley\u00ea ya ji r\u00ea\u00fbresm\u00ea ku gelek\u00ee li dawiya dem\u00ea maye, bi ten\u00ea dikare heb\u00fbna qeb\u00eeleyan li ser piyan bigire. Ji lewra Kurd di v\u00ea dem\u00ea de ji p\u00ea\u015fketin\u00ean civak\u00ean bi koka xwe Ermen\u00ee \u00fb As\u00fbr\u00ee y\u00ean di nava wan de pa\u015fve mane. B\u00eereweriya Xiristiyantiy\u00ea kom\u00ean bi koka xwe Ermen\u00ee \u00fb As\u00fbr\u00ee b\u00eahtir p\u00ea\u015fde dibe \u00fb wan dike gel\u00ean hevdugirt\u00ee \u00fb yekpare, l\u00ea form\u00ean b\u00eereweriy\u00ea y\u00ean p\u00ea\u015f\u00ee dike ku Kurd b\u00eahtir di nava xwe de bim\u00eenin \u00fb bi ten\u00ea heb\u00fbna xwe bipar\u00eazin. As\u00eamay\u00eena \u00eedeoloj\u00eek li p\u00ea\u015fiya p\u00ea\u015fketina civak\u00ee bendan dat\u00eene \u00fb dibe sedema p\u00eax\u00eertengiy\u00ea.<\/span><\/p>\n Ji p\u00eax\u00eertengiya b\u00eereweriy\u00ea ya serdema destp\u00eak\u00ea bi \u00ceslamiyet\u00ea gav hatiye av\u00eatin. Pi\u015ft\u00ee Cih\u00fbt\u00ee \u00fb Xiristiyantiy\u00ea di civaka Rojhilata Nav\u00een de \u00ceslam tevgereke \u015fax\u00ea d\u00een\u00ee \u00fb daw\u00ee ya civak\u00eeb\u00fby\u00een \u00fb b\u00eereweriya gerd\u00fbn\u00ee ye. Forma b\u00eereweriya \u00ceslam\u00ee her\u00e7iqas\u00ee xwe weke\u00a0\u00a0gelek\u00ee n\u00fbjenxwaz \u00fb wehiyeke xweday\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f bike j\u00ee belk\u00ee j\u00ee forma b\u00eereweriy\u00ea y\u00ea her\u00ee t\u00eakel \u00fb biserhevvekir\u00ee \u00eefade dike. Di bingeh\u00ea w\u00ea de tes\u00eera tevahiya form\u00ean b\u00eereweriy\u00ea heye. Ji an\u00eem\u00eezm\u00ea heta bi afir\u00eenerek\u00ee bi ten\u00ea y\u00ea mutleq, form\u00ean b\u00eereweriy\u00ea hem\u00fb n\u00eezameke t\u00eakel p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f dikin. Nexasim form\u00ean m\u00eetoloj\u00eek \u00ean Sumer \u00fb Misr\u00ea bi r\u00eaya d\u00een\u00ean Brah\u00eem\u00ee xwed\u00ee tes\u00eereke bi h\u00eaz in. Pi\u015ft\u00ee form\u00ean m\u00eetoloj\u00eek \u00ean Cih\u00fbt\u00ee \u00fb Xiristiyantiy\u00ea versiyona s\u00eayem\u00een e. L\u00ea ne bi ten\u00ea \u015fop\u00ean van versiyon \u00fb forman, bi giran\u00ee bandora felsefey\u00ean Zerde\u015f \u00fb Eflat\u00fbn-Ar\u00eesto j\u00ee li ser heye. Div\u00ea mirov bandora d\u00een\u00ean pagan (p\u00fbtperest) \u00ean ji r\u00ea\u00fbresm\u00ea j\u00ee li van z\u00eade bike. Yek ji sedem\u00ean bingeh\u00een di belavb\u00fbna bi lez a \u00ceslamiyet\u00ea de ew e ku xwe bi van form\u00ean b\u00eereweriy\u00ea y\u00ean t\u00eakel p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f kiriye. Her kom dikare li gor\u00ee xwe \u015f\u00eeroveyek\u00ea bike \u00fb bipejir\u00eene. Jixwe ya dibe j\u00ee ev bi xwe ye. M\u00eena ku ji her derd\u00ee re derman e.<\/span><\/p>\n Ev rew\u015fa muxtelif a b\u00eereweriya \u00ceslam\u00ea di heman dem\u00ea de qelsiya w\u00ea ya her\u00ee bingeh\u00een e; ji ber ku w\u00ea ji xweseriy\u00ea mehr\u00fbm dike. Gerd\u00fbn\u00eetiya pirr z\u00eade xislet\u00ean be\u015fan qels dike \u00fb kiriye ku bi ten\u00ea weke r\u00eetuel\u00ean bes\u00eet bim\u00eenin. Bi v\u00ee aliy\u00ea xwe, hem ji Cih\u00fbtiy\u00ea, hem j\u00ee ji Xiristiyantiy\u00ea b\u00eabertir maye. Li \u015f\u00fbna ku manedan\u00ea p\u00ea\u015fde bibe, di v\u00ee war\u00ee de bibe forma p\u00ea\u015fdebirina fikreke diyalekt\u00eek\u00ee, b\u00fbye k\u00eesek\u00ee b\u00eereweriy\u00ea y\u00ea curey\u00ea \u00e7\u00eerok\u00ea ku jihevbelavb\u00fby\u00ee \u00fb b\u00easer\u00fbber e. Di pa\u015fvemay\u00eena civak\u00ean \u00ceslam\u00ee de para van k\u00ees\u00ean b\u00eereweriy\u00ea mezin e. Di b\u00eereweriya Cih\u00fbt\u00ee \u00fb Xiristiyantiy\u00ea de rew\u015f cuda ye. Cih\u00fbt\u00ee ji xwedatiya xwe tim\u00ee t\u00eag\u00eenan z\u00eade dike \u00fb bi v\u00ee away\u00ee serdestiya xwe ya \u00eedeoloj\u00eek tim\u00ee dipar\u00eaze. Xiristiyant\u00ee bi r\u00eaxistintiya xwe ya \u015fidand\u00ee ya d\u00ear\u00ea cemaet\u00ean b\u00eahtir berbi\u00e7av p\u00eak t\u00eene. Ji ber ku z\u00eade girt\u00ee ye, der\u00ee li sekuler\u00eezm\u00ea \u00fb la\u00ees\u00eezm\u00ea vedike. Ewr\u00fbpaya serdema nav\u00een di bin bandora herdu d\u00eenan de li gor\u00ee diyalekt\u00eek\u00ea form\u00ean fikir \u00fb b\u00eereweriya hem sekuler \u00fb hem j\u00ee la\u00eek p\u00ea\u015fde dibe \u00fb di v\u00ea de zehmetiy\u00ea naki\u015f\u00eene. Dogmat\u00eezma hi\u015fk a di herdu d\u00eenan de, r\u00ea li ber tevgera modern\u00eeteya Ewr\u00fbpay\u00ea vekiriye. B\u00eereweriya dogmat\u00eek ewqas b\u00eamane dibe, biv\u00eanev\u00ea form\u00ean n\u00fb li ser bingeh\u00ea dijberiy\u00ea derdikevin hol\u00ea. L\u00ea div\u00ea mirov ji b\u00eer neke ku forma b\u00eereweriy\u00ea y\u00ea herdu d\u00eenan di tevgera \u015faristaniya Ewr\u00fbpay\u00ea de bi rola diyarker rab\u00fbne. Naxwe em \u00ea nikaribin tevger\u00ean civak\u00ee \u00fb form\u00ean b\u00eereweriy\u00ea y\u00ean modern \u00ean Ewr\u00fbpay\u00ea f\u00eahm \u00fb ter\u00eef bikin.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00ceslamiyet li ser xeteke cuda me\u015fiya ye. Ji bil\u00ee bawer\u00ee \u00fb fikr\u00ean t\u00eakel \u00ean di nava w\u00ea de, gelek h\u00eaman\u00ean sekuler\u00eezm \u00fb la\u00eektiy\u00ea j\u00ee dihew\u00eene. Ji ber ku xwe hem weke din\u00ea dinyew\u00ee hem j\u00ee y\u00ea uxrew\u00ee p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015f kiriye, ketiye nakokiy\u00ea \u00fb di nava xwe de xetimiye. Guft\u00fbgoy\u00ean felsef\u00ee y\u00ean di navbera sedsal\u00ean 9.-12. de ku mirov van sedsalan weke Ronesansa \u00ceslam\u00ee j\u00ee dikare bi nav bike, m\u00eena rohn\u00eeb\u00fbna Ewr\u00fbpay\u00ea bi k\u00eara felsefey\u00ea nehatine. Di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de forma \u00eedeoloj\u00eek a dim\u00eene, siya f\u00eegura qral\u00ean xweda ne (Z\u00eell\u00fblah) ku ji dema Sumeran ve dewam dikin. Rej\u00eem\u00ean m\u00eert\u00ee \u00fb siltantiy\u00ean despot\u00eek \u00ean xwe sipartina van f\u00eeguran, ji sedsala 12. ve heta roja me ya \u00eero ji p\u00ea\u015fk\u00ea\u015fkirina b\u00eahejmar m\u00eenak\u00ean desthilatdariy\u00ean keyf\u00ee \u00fb dogmat\u00eezm\u00ean hi\u015fk w\u00eadetir bi ti rol\u00ea raneb\u00fbne. Di van sedsalan de li Ewr\u00fbpay\u00ea, heta li \u00c7\u00een\u00ea b\u00fbyer\u00ean gir\u00eeng diqewimin, l\u00ea her\u00eama sereke ya p\u00ea\u015fketin\u00ean d\u00eerok\u00ee mehk\u00fbm\u00ee p\u00eavajoyeke pa\u015fvemay\u00ee b\u00fbye; bi sedsala 19. re li hember\u00ee modern\u00eeteya kap\u00eetal\u00eest ji hev belav b\u00fbye \u00fb ji v\u00ea rizgar neb\u00fbye.<\/span><\/p>\n Di v\u00ea dema jihevbelavb\u00fbn\u00ea de her\u00e7iqas\u00ee xwestine ji n\u00fb ve b\u00eereweriya \u00ceslam\u00ea \u015f\u00eerove \u00fb ava bikin j\u00ee ev yek ji karektera reformeke rast\u00ee d\u00fbr e. Bi qas\u00ee Xiristiyantiy\u00ea j\u00ee nikar\u00eeb\u00fbye reformasyonek\u00ea p\u00eak b\u00eene. Ji ber ku \u015fore\u015f\u00ean felsef\u00ee \u00fb zanist\u00ee j\u00ee nas nekirin, biv\u00eanev\u00ea ket p\u00eavajoya jihevbelavb\u00fbn \u00fb hilwe\u015f\u00een\u00ea. Ya rast\u00ee, l\u00eager\u00een\u00ean n\u00fb y\u00ean \u00ceslam\u00ee ji modernb\u00fbn\u00ea w\u00eadetir ti maney\u00ean xwe tinene \u00fb bi van hewl dide entegrey\u00ee kap\u00eetal\u00eezm\u00ea bibe. Her\u00e7\u00ee ji afir\u00eener\u00ee \u00fb xweseriy\u00ea d\u00fbr e.<\/span><\/p>\n Her\u00e7iqas\u00ee kom\u00ean Kurdan li beramber\u00ee \u00ceslam\u00ea demeke dir\u00eaj li ber xwe dan j\u00ee, l\u00ea keng\u00ee tebeqeya wan a jor bi \u00ceslamiyet\u00ea \u00fb bi r\u00eaya \u015f\u00eeroveya w\u00ea ya Sunn\u00ee firsenda desthilatdariy\u00ea bi dest xist, veguher\u00een\u00ean bi kok \u00fb bingeh\u00een p\u00eak hatin. Civakb\u00fbneke dual\u00ee p\u00eak hat. Tebeqeya jor bi \u015fore\u015fa feodal re civak\u00ean xwe y\u00ean begtiy\u00ea pirr z\u00eade mezin kirin, l\u00ea tebeqeya j\u00ear \u00fb be\u015f\u00ean civak\u00ea y\u00ean \u00e7iya \u00fb baniyan, li dij\u00ee zordestiya desthilatdariy\u00ea \u00fb m\u00eatinkariya w\u00ea bi awayek\u00ee xweparastin\u00ea xwe bi r\u00eaxistin kirin \u00fb ev j\u00ee bi r\u00eaya ter\u00eeqet \u00fb mezheban p\u00eak an\u00een, lewma biv\u00eanev\u00ea civakb\u00fbna wan j\u00ee di v\u00ea \u00e7ar\u00e7ovey\u00ea de p\u00eak hat. Form\u00ean cuda y\u00ean b\u00eereweriya \u00ceslam\u00ee ku dabe\u015fb\u00fbna \u00e7\u00een\u00ee xurt dikirin, xwe bi \u015f\u00eawey\u00ean ter\u00eeqet \u00fb mezheban n\u00ee\u015fan didan. Tebeqeya hiyerar\u015f\u00eek a jor, keng\u00ee ji b\u00eereweriy\u00ean qeb\u00eele \u00fb e\u015f\u00eer\u00ea bihur\u00ee ket form\u00ean b\u00eereweriya \u00ceslama Sunn\u00ee \u00fb mezheb\u00ean w\u00ea y\u00ean cuda, l\u00ea tebeqeya j\u00ear di ser\u00ee de Elew\u00eet\u00ee xwe bi \u015f\u00eawey\u00ean ter\u00eeqet\u00ean tesewif\u00ee berbi\u00e7av dikir. Kurd\u00eetiya begtiya Sunn\u00ee ji aliyek\u00ee ve xwe bi awayek\u00ee bi k\u00eara tebeqey\u00ean j\u00ear ney\u00ea mezin dikir, ji aliy\u00ea din ve j\u00ee bi form\u00ean wan \u00ean b\u00eerbirin\u00ea re bi dijwar\u00ee pev di\u00e7\u00fb \u00fb \u015fer dikir. \u015eer \u00fb pev\u00e7\u00fbna \u00e7\u00een\u00ee xwe di bin perdeya d\u00een\u00ee de dewam dikir. Li aliy\u00ea din, Kurd\u00eetiya Elew\u00ee \u00fb tesewif\u00ee tim\u00fbtim xwe vediguherand r\u00eaxistina siyas\u00ee \u00fb esker\u00ee \u00fb bi v\u00ee away\u00ee diket poz\u00eesyona parastin\u00ea. Tevahiya civak\u00ea ji v\u00ea dabe\u015fb\u00fbn \u00fb pev\u00e7\u00fbn\u00ea zirareke mezin did\u00eet \u00fb \u00ea\u015f diki\u015fand. Ji bo bidaw\u00eeb\u00fbna v\u00ea rew\u015f\u00ea h\u00eaviy\u00ean mirovan bi axret\u00ea ve gir\u00ea didan, yan j\u00ee dihi\u015ftin ku ji rej\u00eemeke qraltiy\u00ea ya bi h\u00eaz \u00fb hevgirt\u00ee h\u00eav\u00ee b\u00eane kirin. Li cem Kurd\u00eetiya serdema nav\u00een form \u00fb l\u00eager\u00een\u00ean \u00eedeoloj\u00eek \u00ean di v\u00ee war\u00ee de w\u00ea her bi\u00e7in bi h\u00eaz bibin.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00cedr\u00ees\u00ee Bedl\u00ees\u00ee (di sedsala 16. de) \u00fb Ehmed\u00ea Xan\u00ee (di sedsala 17. de) bi form\u00ean xwe y\u00ean b\u00eerbirin\u00ea \u00fb l\u00eager\u00een\u00ean xwe hewl didin di civaka Kurd de ji van bendewariyan re bibin bersiv. Li hember\u00ee v\u00ea, kesek\u00ee bi nav\u00ea Safiyudd\u00een \u00ea ji binemaleke \u015f\u00eax \u00fb Kurd ji tevgera \u015e\u00ee\u00ee-Qizilba\u015f re p\u00ea\u015fengiy\u00ea dike \u00fb di dawiy\u00ea de ev tevger bi desthilatdariyeke n\u00fb ya xanedaniy\u00ea bi \u00cemparatoriya Safew\u00ee bi encam dibe. \u015eerefnameya \u015eerefxan\u00ea Bedl\u00ees\u00ee (dawiya sedsala 16.) \u015f\u00eeroveya qralt\u00ee \u00fb begtiya Kurd dike, ter\u00eeqet\u00ean m\u00eena Qadir\u00eet\u00ee \u00fb Neq\u015f\u00eebend\u00eetiy\u00ea j\u00ee civaka li dervey\u00ee desthilatdariy\u00ea may\u00ee dipar\u00eazin. Tebeqeya jor a Kurd di navbera Safew\u00ee \u00fb Osmaniyan de ji xwe re li cihek\u00ee ba\u015f \u00ea wan bipar\u00eaze digere, l\u00ea Ehmed\u00ea Xan\u00ee \u00e7areya bi kok bi Qraltiyeke Mezin a Kurdistan\u00ea dib\u00eene.<\/span><\/p>\n Di b\u00eereweriya \u00ceslam\u00ee ya Kurdan de pareke mezin a medreseyan heye. Hertim tebeqeyeke entelektuel a Kurd \u00fb bi h\u00eaz p\u00eak hatiye. Pirraniya wan di qesr\u00ean Ereb, Fars \u00fb Tirkan de ji xwe re cih d\u00eetine. Tev\u00ee ku t\u00eakiliya wan bi Kurd\u00eetiy\u00ea re heye j\u00ee bi sedema karektera desthilatdariya li cem in, bi s\u00eenor mane. B\u00eereweriya qeb\u00eele \u00fb e\u015f\u00eer\u00ea tevahiya serdema nav\u00een heb\u00fbna xwe dewam kiriye. Qeb\u00eele \u00fb e\u015f\u00eer\u00ean ku pirr \u00fb mezin dibin, \u00e7avkaniya sereke ya Kurd\u00eetiya begt\u00ee \u00fb ter\u00eeqet\u00ea ne.<\/span><\/p>\n B\u00eereweriya \u00ceslam\u00ee kom\u00ean Kurd bextewar nekirine, bi qas\u00ee Xiristiyantiy\u00ea nikar\u00eeb\u00fbye civak\u00ea homojen bike. Bi qas\u00ee ku civak kiriye xwenenas, ewqas\u00ee j\u00ee veguherandiye gelek kom\u00ean bi h\u00eaviya axret\u00ea radibin \u00fb r\u00fbdinin. Ji civak\u00ean xwenenas \u00fb par\u00e7eb\u00fby\u00ee h\u00eaviya berdariy\u00ea nay\u00ea kirin \u00fb avakirina wan ne p\u00eakan e. Di ser\u00ea sedsala 19. de bi bandora modern\u00eeteya kap\u00eetal\u00eest burokrasiya bi p\u00ea\u015f dikeve, xwestina esker \u00fb bacan statuya serdema nav\u00een a Kurdan xira dike. Begtiy\u00ean Kurdan \u00fb ter\u00eeqet\u00ean wan \u00ean tesewif\u00ee hewl didin statuya xwe bipar\u00eazin \u00fb ev j\u00ee biv\u00eanev\u00ea r\u00ea li ber \u015feran vedike, civaka ji r\u00ea\u00fbresm\u00ea dixe nava kaos \u00fb kr\u00eez\u00ean k\u00fbr.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n Ji Par\u00eaznameya “Parastina Kurd\u00ean Di Nava Penc\u00ean Qirkirina \u00c7and\u00ee De” (Pirt\u00fbka 5’em\u00een)<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Abdullah OCALAN Tevger\u00ean civak\u00ee b\u00fbyer\u00ean bi b\u00eereweriy\u00ea re p\u00eawend\u00eedar in. Tevger\u00ean xweber bi xwe j\u00ee b\u00eerbirineke pa\u015fvemay\u00ee nebin, p\u00eakan n\u00eene p\u00eak b\u00ean. Keng\u00ee mijar dibe civak, b\u00eerbirin \u00fb objekt\u00eev\u00eete b\u00eahtir xweser dibin. Di \u00e7ar\u00e7oveyeke gerd\u00fbn\u00ee de ya tevger\u00ea mumk\u00een dike, heb\u00fbna em j\u00eare dib\u00eajin enerj\u00ee ye ku bi awayek\u00ee diyalekt\u00eek\u00ee ji rew\u015fek\u00ea vediguhere rew\u015feke din. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":517,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-516","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-civaka-diroki"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/516","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=516"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/516\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":518,"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/516\/revisions\/518"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/517"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=516"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=516"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kurdi.komunar.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=516"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}